I. Isingeniso
A. Ukubaluleka Koshukela ekudleni kwanamuhla
Ama-sweeteners adlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni kwesimanje njengoba esetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kwezinhlobonhlobo zokudla neziphuzo. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushukela, izimuncumuncu zokwenziwa, uphuzo oludakayo lukashukela, noma okoshukela wemvelo, lezi zithako zinikeza ubumnandi ngaphandle kokwengeza amakhalori kashukela, okuzenza zisebenziseke ekulawuleni isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, noma ukuzama ukwehlisa amakhalori abantu ngabanye kubaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-sweeteners asetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokudla kanye nesifo sikashukela, ngaleyo ndlela abonise umthelela wawo omkhulu embonini yokudla yanamuhla.
B. Inhloso kanye nesakhiwo somhlahlandlela
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele uklanyelwe ukuhlinzeka ngokubheka okujulile kwezinhlobonhlobo zoswidi ezitholakalayo emakethe. Isiqondiso sizohlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaswidi, okuhlanganisa okokwenziwa okoshukela okufana ne-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, ne-sucralose, kanye notshwala obushukela njenge-erythritol, i-mannitol, ne-xylitol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izohlola ama-sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile njenge-L-arabinose, L-fucose, L-rhamnose, mogroside, ne-thaumatin, eveza ukusetshenziswa kwawo nokutholakala kwawo. Ukwengeza, kuzoxoxwa ngezinto ezinoshukela zemvelo ezifana ne-stevia ne-trehalose. Lo mhlahlandlela uzoqhathanisa ama-sweeteners ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yezempilo, amazinga obumnandi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele, unikeze abafundi ukubuka konke okubanzi ukuze ubasize benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Okokugcina, umhlahlandlela uzonikeza ukucatshangelwa kokusetshenziswa nezincomo, okuhlanganisa imikhawulo yezokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwama-sweeteners ahlukene, kanye nemikhiqizo enconyiwe nemithombo. Lo mhlahlandlela uklanyelwe ukusiza abantu ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bekhetha ama-sweetener ukuze bawasebenzise komuntu siqu noma ochwepheshe.
II. Ama-Sweeteners Okwenziwa
Ama-sweeteners okwenziwa yizinto zokwenziwa zikashukela ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza uswidi ukudla neziphuzo ngaphandle kokwengeza ama-calories. Amnandi izikhathi eziningi kunoshukela, ngakho-ke kudingeka inani elincane kuphela. Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zifaka i-aspartame, i-sucralose, ne-saccharin.
A. Aspartame
I-Aspartameingenye yezinto ezisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinoshukela okwenziwa emhlabeni wonke futhi ivame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene engenashukela noma "yokudla". Cishe imnandi izikhathi ezingama-200 kunoshukela futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuhlanganiswa nezinye izithako ezinoshukela ukulingisa ukunambitheka kukashukela. I-Aspartame yenziwe ngama-amino acid amabili, i-aspartic acid, ne-phenylalanine, ahlanganiswe ndawonye. Lapho idliwe, i-aspartame ihlukana ibe ama-amino acid, i-methanol, ne-phenylalanine. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi i-aspartame kufanele igwenywe abantu abane-phenylketonuria (PKU), isifo sofuzo esingandile, njengoba bengakwazi ukugawula i-phenylalanine. I-Aspartame yaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo kwekhalori ephansi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo ushukela nokusebenzisa ikhalori.
B. I-Acesulfame Potassium
I-Acesulfame potassium, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Acesulfame K noma i-Ace-K, iwushukela wokwenziwa ongenakhalori cishe umnandi izikhathi ezingama-200 kunoshukela. Iyakwazi ukumelana nokushisa, okwenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ekubhakeni nasekuphekeni. I-Acesulfame potassium ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezinoshukela ukuze kuhlinzekwe iphrofayili yobumnandi eyindilinga. Ayinametabolism ngumzimba futhi ikhishwa ingashintshiwe, okunomthelela esimweni sayo se-zero-calorie. I-Acesulfame potassium igunyazwe ukuthi isetshenziswe emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele futhi ivamise ukutholakala emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa iziphuzo ezibandayo, ama-dessert, ishungamu, nokunye.
C. Sucralose
I-Sucralose iyi-sweetener yokwenziwa engenakhalori cishe izikhathi ezingama-600 ubumnandi kunoshukela. Iyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ifanele ukusetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekubhakeni. I-Sucralose itholakala kushukela ngenqubo yezinyathelo eziningi ethatha indawo yamaqembu amathathu e-hydrogen-oxygen ku-molecule kashukela ngama-athomu e-chlorine. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuvimbela umzimba ukuthi ungawugaxisi, okuholela kumthelela wekhalori onganakwa. I-Sucralose ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-sweetener ezimele emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo, okuhlanganisa amasoda okudla, izimpahla ezibhakiwe, nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Lawa ma-sweeteners okwenziwa ahlinzeka ngezinketho zabantu abafuna ukunciphisa ushukela wabo namakhalori abawudlayo kuyilapho bejabulela ukudla okunambitheka okumnandi neziphuzo. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuwasebenzisa ngokusesilinganisweni futhi ucabangele izici zezempilo ngazinye uma uzihlanganisa ekudleni okunomsoco.
III. Utshwala Utshwala
Utshwala obushukela, obubuye baziwe ngokuthi ama-polyols, wuhlobo lwe-sweetener olwenzeka ngokwemvelo kwezinye izithelo nemifino, kodwa lungabuye lukhiqizwe ngokwentengiso. Zivame ukusetshenziswa njengezindawo zikashukela emikhiqizweni engenawo ushukela kanye nekhalori ephansi. Izibonelo zifaka i-erythritol, i-xylitol, ne-sorbitol.
A. Erythritol
I-Erythritol iwutshwala obushukela obuvela ngokwemvelo ezithelweni ezithile nasekudleni okubilile. Iphinde ikhiqizwe ngokwentengiso kusukela ekuvubeleni kweglucose imvubelo. I-Erythritol icishe ibe ngu-70% imnandi njengoshukela futhi inomphumela wokupholisa olimini uma idliwe, efana ne-mint. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-erythritol ukuthi iphansi kakhulu ngamakholori futhi inomthelela omncane emazingeni kashukela egazini, okwenza idume kubantu abalandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi noma i-ketogenic. Ukwengeza, i-erythritol ibekezelelwa kahle abantu abaningi futhi ayibangeli ukucasuka kokugaya okungase kuhlotshaniswe nolunye utshwala obushukela. Ngokuvamile isetshenziswa esikhundleni sikashukela ekubhakeni, eziphuzweni nanjenge-sweetener yetafula.
B. Mannitol
I-Mannitol iwutshwala obushukela obuvela ngokwemvelo ezinhlobonhlobo zezithelo nemifino. Cishe i-60% kuya ku-70% imnandi njengoshukela futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengesithako esimnandi emikhiqizweni engenashukela kanye nencishisiwe. I-Mannitol inomphumela wokupholisa uma idliwe futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa ekuhlafuneni ushingamu, amaswidi aqinile, kanye nemikhiqizo yemithi. Ibuye isetshenziswe njenge-laxative engakhuthazi ngenxa yekhono layo lokudonsa amanzi ekholoni, lisiza ekuphumeni kwamathumbu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-mannitol kungaholela ekuphatheni kabi emathunjini kanye nesifo sohudo kwabanye abantu.
C. Xylitol
I-Xylitol iwutshwala obushukela obuvame ukukhishwa okhunini lwe-birch noma olukhiqizwa kwezinye izinto zezitshalo ezifana nezikhwebu zommbila. Cishe imnandi njengoshukela futhi inephrofayili yokunambitha efanayo, iyenza ithathelwe indawo kashukela edumile yezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene. I-Xylitol inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi kunoshukela futhi inomthelela omncane emazingeni kashukela egazini, okwenza ifaneleke kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abalandela ukudla okune-carb ephansi. I-Xylitol yaziwa ngamandla ayo okuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, ikakhulukazi i-Streptococcus mutans, engabangela ukubola kwamazinyo. Le ndawo yenza i-xylitol ibe isithako esivamile ezinsinini ezingenashukela, iminti, nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa ngomlomo.
D. Maltitol
I-Maltitol iwutshwala obushukela obuvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni sikashukela emikhiqizweni engenashukela kanye nencishisiwe. Cishe i-90% imnandi njengoshukela futhi ivamise ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza inqwaba kanye nobumnandi ezinhlelweni ezifana noshokoledi, amaconfections, nezimpahla ezibhakwayo. I-Maltitol inokunambitheka okufanayo kanye nokuthungwa kukashukela, okuyenza ibe yinketho ethandwayo yokudala izinguqulo ezingenashukela zokuphatha kwendabuko. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-maltitol kungaholela ekuphatheni kabi emathunjini kanye nemiphumela ye-laxative, ikakhulukazi kubantu abazwela ukuphuza utshwala.
Lezi ziphuzo ezidakayo zinikeza ezinye izindlela zikashukela wendabuko kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo ushukela noma ukuphatha amazinga kashukela egazini. Uma kudliwa ngokulinganisela, utshwala obushukela bungaba yingxenye yokudla okulinganiselayo nokunempilo kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubekezelela komuntu ngamunye kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela engase ibe khona yokugaya ukudla lapho uyifaka ekudleni.
IV. Ama-Sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile
Ama-sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile abhekisela kuma-sweeteners angasetshenziswa kakhulu noma atholakala ngokuthengisa. Lokhu kungase kuhlanganise okuhlanganisiwe kwemvelo noma okukhishiwe okunezici zoswidi ezingatholakali ngokuvamile emakethe. Izibonelo zingabandakanya i-mogroside evela ku-monk fruit, i-thaumatin evela kusithelo se-katemfe, noshukela ohlukahlukene ongavamile njenge-L-arabinose ne-L-fucose.
A. L-Arabinose
I-L-arabinose ushukela we-pentose owenzeka ngokwemvelo, ovame ukutholakala ezintweni zezitshalo ezifana ne-hemicellulose ne-pectin. Iwushukela ongavamile futhi awuvamile ukusetshenziswa njengesithako esimnandi embonini yokudla. Kodwa-ke, ithole ukunakwa ngezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa neqhaza layo ekuvimbeleni ukumuncwa kwe-sucrose yokudla kanye nokunciphisa amazinga eglucose egazi angemuva kokudla. I-L-arabinose ifundelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungaba khona ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini kanye nokusekela ukuphathwa kwesisindo. Nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe ludingeka ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele imiphumela yalo empilweni yomuntu, i-L-arabinose iyi-sweetener ethakazelisayo enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezingase zibe khona ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo emnandi enempilo.
B. L-Fucose
I-L-fucose iwushukela oyi-deoxy otholakala emithonjeni yemvelo ehlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa nezimila zasolwandle ezinsundu, isikhunta esithile, nobisi oluncelisayo. Nakuba ingavamile ukusetshenziswa njenge-sweetener, i-L-fucose iye yafundelwa izinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, ikakhulukazi ekusekeleni umsebenzi wokuzivikela komzimba kanye njenge-prebiotic yamagciwane atholakala emathunjini. Iphinde iphenywe ngezindawo zayo zokuqeda ukuvuvukala kanye ne-anti-tumor. Ngenxa yokwenzeka kwayo okungajwayelekile kanye nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona, i-L-fucose iyindawo enentshisekelo yocwaningo olwengeziwe emikhakheni yezokudla okunempilo nempilo.
C. L-Rhamnose
I-L-rhamnose ushukela we-deoxy ovela ngokwemvelo otholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yezitshalo, okuhlanganisa izithelo, imifino, nezitshalo zokwelapha. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-sweetener, i-L-rhamnose iye yafundelwa izakhiwo zayo ze-prebiotic, ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane atholakala emathunjini futhi okungenzeka asekele impilo yokugaya ukudla. Ukwengeza, i-L-rhamnose ihlolelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungenzeka ekulweni nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane futhi njenge-ejenti elwa nokuvuvukala. Ukuvela kwayo okungavamile kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona zenza i-L-rhamnose indawo enentshisekelo yocwaningo ukuze isetshenziswe okungenzeka ibe khona ekudleni nasekuhlanganiseni kwezithako.
D. Mogroside V
I-Mogroside V iyinhlanganisela etholakala esithelweni se-Siraitia grosvenorii, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-monk fruit. Kuwushukela ongavamile futhi owenzeka ngokwemvelo omnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, okwenza kube ukukhetha okudumile esikhundleni sikashukela wemvelo. I-Mogroside V icutshungulwe ngezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo ze-antioxidant kanye nekhono layo lokusekela ukulawulwa kokushukela egazini. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana namanye ama-sweeteners ukuze kuthuthukiswe ubumnandi ngenkathi kunciphisa ushukela ophelele ekudleni naseziphuzweni. Ngentshisekelo ekhulayo kushukela wemvelo, i-mogroside V izuze ukunakwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo ezingaba khona ezikhuthaza impilo.
E. Thaumatin
I-Thaumatin iyi-sweetener esekelwe kumaprotheni etholakala esithelweni sesitshalo se-katemfe (Thaumatococcus daniellii). Inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi imnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, ivumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngamanani amancane esikhundleni sikashukela. I-Thaumatin inenzuzo yokuba nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile, okumnandi ngaphandle kwe-aftertaste ebabayo evame ukuhlotshaniswa nama-sweeteners okwenziwa. Iyakwazi futhi ukumelana nokushisa, okwenza ifanelekele ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla neziphuzo. Ukwengeza, i-thaumatin icwaningwa ngezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antioxidant, kanye nendima engaba khona ekulawuleni ukudla.
Lezi zishukela eziyivelakancane nezingajwayelekile zinikeza izici ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuzenza zibe indawo enentshisekelo yocwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nezicelo ezingase zibe khona embonini yokudla neziphuzo. Nakuba zingase zingaziwa kabanzi njengezinandisi zendabuko, izici zazo ezihlukile kanye nemiphumela yezempilo engase ibe khona kuzenza zibe izinketho ezihehayo kubantu abafuna ezinye izindlela zobumnandi obunempilo.
V. Ama-Sweeteners Emvelo
Ama-sweeteners emvelo yizinto ezithathwe ezitshalweni noma kweminye imithombo yemvelo esetshenziselwa ukwenza uswidi ekudleni neziphuzo. Zivame ukubhekwa njengezinye izindlela ezinempilo esikhundleni se-sweetener noshukela. Izibonelo zifaka i-stevia, i-Trehalose, uju, umpe we-agave, nesiraphu ye-maple.
A. Stevioside
I-Stevioside iyi-sweetener yemvelo etholakala emaqabunga esitshalo se-Stevia rebaudiana, esidabuka eNingizimu Melika. Yaziwa ngobumnandi bayo obukhulu, cishe izikhathi eziyi-150-300 ubumnandi kunoshukela wendabuko, kuyilapho futhi ine-calories ephansi. I-Stevioside isithole ukuduma esikhundleni sikashukela ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo yemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona. Ayifaki ekwenyukeni kwamazinga eglucose egazini, okwenza kube inketho efanelekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abafuna ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini. Ukwengeza, i-stevioside iye yacwaningwa ngendima yayo engaba khona ekusekeleni ukulawulwa kwesisindo kanye nokunciphisa ubungozi be-caries yamazinyo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo, okuhlanganisa iziphuzo ezithambile, iyogathi, nezimpahla ezibhakwayo, njengendlela ehlukile yemvelo kunoshukela wendabuko. I-Stevioside ivamise ukubonwa njengephephile (GRAS) yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) futhi igunyazwe ukusetshenziswa njengesithako esimnandi emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
B. Trehalose
I-Trehalose ushukela wemvelo we-disaccharide otholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi amakhowe, uju, nezidalwa ezithile zasolwandle. Yakhiwe ngama-molecule amabili e-glucose futhi yaziwa ngamandla ayo okugcina umswakama futhi ivikele ukwakheka kwamaseli, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-ejenti yokusimamisa ekudleni nasemikhiqizweni yezemithi. Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo zokusebenza, i-trehalose iphinde ibonise ukunambitheka okumnandi, cishe u-45-50% ubumnandi boshukela wendabuko. I-Trehalose ithole ukunakwa ngezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa indima yayo njengomthombo wamandla okusebenza kwamaselula kanye nekhono layo lokusekela ukuvikelwa nokuqina kwamaselula. Ifundelwa ukusetshenziswa kwayo okungenzeka ekukhuthazeni impilo yesikhumba, ukusebenza kwezinzwa, kanye nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Njenge-sweetener, i-trehalose isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa u-ayisikhilimu, i-confectionery, nezimpahla ezibhakwayo, futhi ihlonishwa ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka nokuthungwa ngenkathi inikela kwikhwalithi iyonke yemikhiqizo yokudla.
Lezi zishukela zemvelo, i-stevioside ne-trehalose, zinikeza izici ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuzenza zibe izinketho ezidumile kubantu abafuna ezinye izindlela zobumnandi obunempilo. Imvelaphi yabo yemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kokudla kanye nemikhiqizo yesiphuzo kube nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwabo okubanzi nokukhangayo phakathi kwabathengi abafuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ushukela wendabuko. Ukwengeza, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luyaqhubeka nokuhlola izindima zabo ezingaba khona ekusekeleni impilo yonke kanye nokuphila kahle.
VI. Ukuqhathaniswa kwamaSweeteners
A. Imiphumela yezempilo: Ama-sweeteners okwenziwa:
I-Aspartame: I-Aspartame ibe isishukela esinempikiswano, kanti ezinye izifundo zikhombisa izixhumanisi ezingaba khona ezinkingeni zezempilo ezahlukahlukene. Kuyaziwa ukuthi kumnandi kakhulu kunoshukela futhi kuvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni sikashukela emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo.
I-Acesulfame potassium: I-Acesulfame potassium iyi-sweetener yokwenziwa engeyona ikhalori. Ivamise ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlangana namanye ama-sweeteners emikhiqizweni eyahlukene. Ucwaningo ngemiphumela yalo yesikhathi eside yezempilo luyaqhubeka.
I-Sucralose: I-Sucralose iwushukela wokwenziwa odumile otholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi enekhalori ephansi nengenashukela. Iyaziwa ngokuzinza kwayo kokushisa futhi ifanele ukubhaka. Nakuba abantu abaningi bakubheka njengokuphephile ukukusebenzisa, ezinye izifundo ziphakamise imibuzo mayelana nemiphumela yezempilo engaba khona.
Utshwala obushukela:
I-Erythritol: I-Erythritol iwutshwala obushukela obutholakala ngokwemvelo kwezinye izithelo nokudla okuvutshiwe. Ayinawo ama-calories futhi ayiwathinti amazinga kashukela egazini, okuyenza ibe isishukela esidumile kulabo abadla ukudla okune-carb ephansi.
I-Mannitol: I-Mannitol wutshwala obushukela obusetshenziswa njengesithako esimnandi nesigcwalisi. Cishe inoshukela oyingxenye yoshukela futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ezinsimini ezingenashukela namaswidi esifo sikashukela.
I-Xylitol: I-Xylitol ingenye utshwala obushukela obusetshenziswa kakhulu esikhundleni sikashukela. Inokunambitheka okumnandi okufana noshukela futhi yaziwa ngezinzuzo zayo zamazinyo njengoba ingasiza ekuvimbeleni imigodi. I-Maltitol: I-Maltitol iwutshwala obushukela obuvame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni engenashukela, kodwa inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephezulu kunezinye utshwala obushukela. Inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi ivamise ukusetshenziswa njengesiphuzo esiningi kumaswidi nama-dessert angenashukela.
Ama-sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile:
I-L-arabinose, i-L-fucose, i-L-rhamnose: Lo shukela ongavamile unocwaningo olulinganiselwe ngemiphumela yabo yezempilo, kodwa awusetshenziswa kabanzi njengama-sweeteners emikhiqizweni yokuhweba.
I-Mogroside: Itholakala esithelweni se-monk, i-mogroside iyi-sweetener yemvelo enomnandi kakhulu kunoshukela. Isetshenziswa ngokwesiko emazweni ase-Asia futhi iya ngokuya iduma njengesishukela semvelo embonini yezempilo.
I-Thaumatin: I-Thaumatin iyi-protein sweetener yemvelo etholakala esithelweni se-katemfe saseNtshonalanga Afrika. Yaziwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi futhi isetshenziswa njengesilungisi semvelo esimnandi nesishintsha ukunambitheka emikhiqizweni eyahlukene.
Ama-sweeteners emvelo:
I-Steviol glycosides: I-Steviol glycosides yi-glycosides ekhishwa emaqabunga esitshalo se-Stevia. Yaziwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi futhi isetshenziswe njengesiphuzo esingokwemvelo emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo.
I-Trehalose: I-Trehalose i-disaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ezintweni ezithile eziphilayo, okuhlanganisa izitshalo nama-microorganisms. Kuyaziwa ngekhono layo lokuzinzisa amaprotheni futhi iye yasetshenziswa njenge-sweetener kanye ne-stabilizer ekudleni okugayiwe.
B. Ubumnandi:
Ama-sweeteners okwenziwa ngokuvamile amnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, futhi izinga lobumnandi bohlobo ngalunye liyahlukahluka. Isibonelo, i-aspartame ne-sucralose imnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, ngakho-ke amanani amancane angasetshenziswa ukufeza izinga lobumnandi obufunekayo. Ubumnandi botshwala obunoshukela bufana noshukela, ubumnandi be-erythritol bungaba ngu-60-80% we-sucrose, kanti ubumnandi be-xylitol bufana noshukela.
Ama-sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile njenge-mogroside ne-thaumatin aziwa ngobumnandi bawo obushubile, ngokuvamile obunamandla izikhathi ezingamakhulu kunoshukela. Amaswidi emvelo afana ne-stevia ne-trehalose nawo amnandi kakhulu. I-Stevia cishe iphindwe izikhathi ezingama-200-350 kunoshukela, kuyilapho i-trehalose icishe ibe ngu-45-60% imnandi njenge-sucrose.
C. Izinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele:
Ama-sweeteners okwenziwa ajwayele ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukene engenawo ushukela noma enekhalori ephansi, okuhlanganisa iziphuzo, imikhiqizo yobisi, izinto ezibhakwayo, nezinandisi zetafula. Uphuzo oludakayo lukashukela luvame ukusetshenziswa kushuni ongenashukela, amaswidi, neminye imikhiqizo yamaconfectionery, kanye nokudla okufanele abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Izithako ezinoshukela eziyivelakancane nezingajwayelekile njenge-mogroside ne-thaumatin zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo kanye nasembonini yezemithi nezithasiselo zokudla.
Amaswidi emvelo afana ne-stevia ne-trehalose asetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa iziphuzo ezibandayo, ama-dessert, namanzi anongiwe, kanye nokudla okugayiwe okufana nama-sweeteners kanye nezinzinzisi. Besebenzisa lolu lwazi, abantu ngabanye bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izinto ezinoshukela abazozifaka ekudleni kwabo nasezindaweni zokupheka ezisekelwe emiphumeleni yezempilo, amazinga obumnandi, nezinhlelo zokusebenza ezifanele.
VII. Imibono Nezincomo
A. Imikhawulo yokudla:
Ama-Sweeteners Okwenziwa:
I-Aspartame, i-Acesulfame Potassium, ne-Sucralose isetshenziswa kakhulu kodwa ingase ingafaneleki kubantu abane-phenylketonuria, isifo esitholakala ngofuzo esivimbela ukuwohloka kwe-phenylalanine, ingxenye ye-aspartame.
Utshwala Ushukela:
I-Erythritol, i-Mannitol, i-Xylitol, ne-Maltitol iwutshwala obushukela obungabangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla okufana nokuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo kwabanye abantu, ngakho-ke labo abazwelayo kufanele bawasebenzise ngokuqapha.
Ama-sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile:
I-L-Arabinose, i-L-Fucose, i-L-Rhamnose, i-Mogroside, ne-Thaumatin ayivamile futhi ingase ingabi nemikhawulo ethile yokudla, kodwa abantu abangezwani nabo noma abangezwani nayo kufanele ngaso sonke isikhathi bahlole umhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokusetshenziswa.
Ama-sweeteners emvelo:
I-Stevioside ne-Trehalose zingamaswidi emvelo futhi zivame ukubekezelelwa kahle, kodwa abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha kufanele babonane nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuzifaka ekudleni kwabo.
B. Ukusetshenziswa Okufanele Kumaswidi Ahlukene:
Ama-Sweeteners Okwenziwa:
I-Aspartame, i-Acesulfame Potassium, ne-Sucralose kuvame ukusetshenziswa kumasoda okudla, emikhiqizweni engenawo ushukela, kanye nama-sweeteners we-tabletop.
Utshwala Ushukela:
I-Erythritol, i-Xylitol, ne-Mannitol zivame ukusetshenziswa kumaswidi angenashukela, ushingamu, kanye nemikhiqizo elungele isifo sikashukela ngenxa yomthelela wazo ophansi kushukela osegazini.
Ama-sweeteners angavamile futhi angajwayelekile:
I-L-Arabinose, i-L-Fucose, i-L-Rhamnose, i-Mogroside, ne-Thaumatin ingase itholakale ekudleni okukhethekile kwezempilo, okokufaka ubumnandi bemvelo, kanye nokuthatha indawo kashukela emikhiqizweni ethile.
Ama-sweeteners emvelo:
I-Stevioside ne-Trehalose ivamise ukusetshenziswa kuma-sweeteners wemvelo, imikhiqizo yokubhaka ekhethekile, kanye nezindawo zikashukela ekudleni okukhathalela impilo naseziphuzweni.
C. Kungani Iziswidi Zemvelo Zingcono?
Ama-sweeteners emvelo avame ukubhekwa kangcono kunama-sweeteners okwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu ezimbalwa:
Izinzuzo Zezempilo: Amaswidi emvelo atholakala ezitshalweni noma emithonjeni yemvelo futhi avame ukucutshungulwa kancane kunama-sweeteners okwenziwa. Angaqukatha izakhi ezengeziwe kanye nama-phytochemicals angase anikeze izinzuzo zezempilo.
Inkomba Ye-Glycemic Ephansi: Amaswidi amaningi emvelo anomthelela ophansi emazingeni kashukela egazini uma kuqhathaniswa noshukela ocolisisiwe kanye nama-sweeteners okwenziwa, okuwenza alungele abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo ababuka amazinga kashukela egazini.
Izithako Ezimbalwa: Amaswidi emvelo ngokuvamile aqukethe izithasiselo namakhemikhali ambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa namanye ama-sweeteners okwenziwa, angase ahehe kubantu abafuna ukudla okungokwemvelo kakhulu futhi okucutshungulwe kancane.
Isikhalazo Selebula Ehlanzekile: Izishukela zemvelo zivame ukuba nokukhanga "kwelebula ehlanzekile", okusho ukuthi zibonwa njengemvelo kakhudlwana futhi zinempilo kubathengi abaqaphela izithako ekudleni naseziphuzweni zabo.
Amathuba Okuqukethwe Kwekhalori Ephansi: Amanye amaswidi emvelo, njenge-stevia nesithelo se-monk, anama-kilojoule aphansi kakhulu noma awanawo nhlobo amakhalori, okuwenza akhange kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa amakhalori abo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba okokushukela kwemvelo kunezinzuzo ezingaba khona, ukulinganisela kuyisihluthulelo sokudla noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesishukela, lwemvelo noma olokwenziwa. Ukwengeza, abanye abantu bangase babe nokuzwela noma ukungezwani komzimba nezinto ezithile ezinoshukela zemvelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zempilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nezinto ozikhethayo lapho ukhetha okokushukela.
D. Ungawathengaphi Amaswidi Emvelo?
I-BIOWAY ORGANIC ibisebenza ku-R&D yezishukela kusukela ngo-2009 futhi singanikeza lezi zishukela zemvelo ezilandelayo:
I-Stevia: I-sweetener esekwe esitshalweni, i-stevia itholakala emaqabunga esitshalo se-stevia futhi yaziwa ngamakhalori ayiziro kanye nokuba mnandi kakhulu.
I-Monk Fruit Extract: Itholakala esithelweni se-monk, le-sweetener yemvelo inenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic futhi inothile ngama-antioxidants.
I-Xylitol: Utshwala obushukela obutholakala ezitshalweni, i-xylitol inenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic futhi yaziwa ngekhono layo lokusiza ukugcina impilo yomlomo.
I-Erythritol: Obunye utshwala obunoshukela, i-erythritol itholakala ezithelweni nemifino futhi inokuqukethwe kwekhalori ephansi.
I-Inulin: I-prebiotic fiber etholakala ezitshalweni, i-inulin iyi-sweetener enekhalori ephansi enomsoco futhi isiza ukweseka impilo yokugaya ukudla.
Vele usazise ngesicelo sakho kugrace@biowaycn.com.
VIII. Isiphetho
Kuyo yonke le ngxoxo, sihlole izinhlobonhlobo zezishukela zemvelo kanye nezimpawu zazo ezihlukile. Kusukela ku-stevia kuya ekukhishweni kwezithelo ze-monk, i-xylitol, i-erythritol, ne-inulin, isishukela ngasinye sinikeza izinzuzo ezithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okuqukethwe kwekhalori enguziro, inkomba ye-glycemic ephansi, noma izinzuzo ezengeziwe zezempilo ezifana nama-antioxidants noma ukwesekwa kokugaya ukudla. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zishukela zemvelo kungasiza abathengi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nempilo yabo kanye nendlela yokuphila abakuthandayo.
Njengabathengi, ukukhetha unolwazi mayelana namaswidi esiwasebenzisayo kubalulekile empilweni nasenhlalakahleni yethu. Ngokufunda ngamaswidi emvelo ahlukahlukene atholakalayo kanye nezinzuzo zawo ngokulandelana kwazo, singenza izinqumo eziqaphelayo ezisekela imigomo yethu yokudla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunciphisa ukudla kwethu ushukela, ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini, noma ukufuna ezinye izindlela ezinempilo, ukukhetha okokushukela kwemvelo kungaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni yethu yonke. Masiqhubeke sihlola futhi samukele ingcebo yezinketho zoshukela wemvelo ezitholakalayo, sizinikeze amandla olwazi lokwenza izinqumo ezingcono kakhulu zemizimba yethu nempilo yethu.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Jan-05-2024
