I. Isingeniso
A. Ukubaluleka Kwezinto Ezimnandi Ekudleni Kwanamuhla
Izithasiselo zidlala indima ebalulekile ekudleni kwesimanje njengoba zisetshenziswa kabanzi ukuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kokudla neziphuzo ezahlukahlukene. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ushukela, izithasiselo zokwenziwa, utshwala obushukela, noma izithasiselo zemvelo, lezi zithasiselo zinikeza ubumnandi ngaphandle kokwengeza amakhalori kashukela, okwenza zibe usizo ekuphatheni isifo sikashukela, ukukhuluphala, noma ukuzama nje ukunciphisa ukudla okunama-calories, abantu babaluleke kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izithasiselo zisetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwemikhiqizo ehlukahlukene yokudla nehambisana nesifo sikashukela, ngaleyo ndlela zibonisa umthelela wazo obalulekile embonini yokudla yanamuhla.
B. Inhloso kanye nesakhiwo somhlahlandlela
Lo mhlahlandlela ophelele wenzelwe ukunikeza ukubuka okujulile ngamaswidi ahlukahlukene atholakala emakethe. Lo mhlahlandlela uzohlanganisa izinhlobo ezahlukene zamaswidi, okuhlanganisa amaswidi okwenziwa njenge-aspartame, i-acesulfame potassium, ne-sucralose, kanye nama-sugar alcohols afana ne-erythritol, i-mannitol, ne-xylitol. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uzohlola amaswidi angavamile nangavamile njenge-L-arabinose, i-L-fucose, i-L-rhamnose, i-mogroside, ne-thaumatin, okwembula ukusetshenziswa kwawo nokutholakala kwawo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuzoxoxwa ngamaswidi emvelo njenge-stevia ne-trehalose. Lo mhlahlandlela uzoqhathanisa amaswidi ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yezempilo, amazinga obumnandi, kanye nezicelo ezifanele, unikeze abafundi umbono ophelele wokubasiza benze izinqumo ezinolwazi. Okokugcina, umhlahlandlela uzohlinzeka ngezincomo zokusetshenziswa, okuhlanganisa imikhawulo yokudla kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele kwamaswidi ahlukene, kanye nemikhiqizo nemithombo enconyiwe. Lo mhlahlandlela wenzelwe ukusiza abantu ngabanye ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi lapho bekhetha amaswidi okusetshenziswa komuntu siqu noma kochwepheshe.
II. Izithambisi Zokwenziwa
Izithako zokwenziwa zizinto ezithatha indawo kashukela wokwenziwa ezisetshenziselwa ukwenza ukudla neziphuzo kube mnandi ngaphandle kokwengeza amakhalori. Zimnandi kaningi kunoshukela, ngakho-ke kudingeka inani elincane kuphela. Izibonelo ezivamile zifaka phakathi i-aspartame, i-sucralose, ne-saccharin.
A. I-Aspartame
I-Aspartameingenye yezinongo zokwenziwa ezisetshenziswa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi ivame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene engenashukela noma "yokudla". Imnandi cishe izikhathi ezingu-200 kunoshukela futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye izinongo ukuze ilingise ukunambitheka koshukela. I-Aspartame yakhiwe ngama-amino acid amabili, i-aspartic acid, ne-phenylalanine, ahlanganiswa ndawonye. Uma idliwa, i-aspartame ihlukana ibe ama-amino acid ayo, i-methanol, ne-phenylalanine. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi abantu abane-phenylketonuria (PKU), isifo esingavamile sofuzo, kufanele bagwenywe yi-aspartame, njengoba bengakwazi ukugaya i-phenylalanine. I-Aspartame yaziwa ngokuqukethwe kwayo okunamakhalori aphansi, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo ushukela kanye nokudla amakhalori.
B. I-Acesulfame Potassium
I-Acesulfame potassium, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi i-Acesulfame K noma i-Ace-K, iyiswidi yokwenziwa engenamakhalori emnandi cishe izikhathi ezingu-200 kunoshukela. Ihlala isikhathi eside ekushiseni, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ekubhakeni nasekuphekeni. I-Acesulfame potassium ivame ukusetshenziswa kanye nezinye iziswidi ukuze inikeze iphrofayili yobumnandi obuphelele. Ayigaywa ngumzimba futhi ikhishwa ingashintshiwe, okufaka isandla esimweni sayo se-zero-calorie. I-Acesulfame potassium ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele futhi ivame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi, kufaka phakathi iziphuzo ezibandayo, ama-dessert, i-chewing gum, nokuningi.
C. I-Sucralose
I-Sucralose iyiswidi yokwenziwa engenama-calories emnandi cishe izikhathi ezingu-600 kunoshukela. Yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ekuphekeni nasekubhakeni. I-Sucralose itholakala kushukela ngenqubo enezinyathelo eziningi ethatha indawo yamaqembu amathathu e-hydrogen-oxygen ku-molecule kashukela ngama-athomu e-chlorine. Lokhu kuguqulwa kuvimbela umzimba ekuwugayweni, okuholela emthonjeni ongelutho wama-calories. I-Sucralose ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiswidi esizimele emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo, kufaka phakathi ama-diet soda, izinto ezibhakiwe, kanye nemikhiqizo yobisi.
Lezi zithako zokwenziwa zinikeza izinketho kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo ushukela nama-calorie ngenkathi besajabulela ukudla neziphuzo ezinambitheka kamnandi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuzisebenzisa ngokulinganisela nokucabangela izici zempilo zomuntu ngamunye uma uzifaka ekudleni okulinganiselayo.
III. Utshwala Obushukela
Ama-sugar alcohols, aziwa nangokuthi ama-polyol, awuhlobo lwesithako esitholakala ngokwemvelo kwezinye izithelo nemifino, kodwa futhi singakhiqizwa kwezentengiselwano. Avame ukusetshenziswa njengezithako esikhundleni sikashukela emikhiqizweni engenashukela nenama-calorie aphansi. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-erythritol, i-xylitol, ne-sorbitol.
A. I-Erythritol
I-Erythritol iwutshwala olushukela oluvela ngokwemvelo ezithelweni ezithile nasekudleni okubilisiwe. Iphinde ikhiqizwe ngokuhweba ngokubiliswa kwe-glucose ngemvubelo. I-Erythritol imnandi cishe ngo-70% njengoshukela futhi inomphumela wokupholisa olimini uma idliwa, njenge-mint. Enye yezinzuzo ezibalulekile ze-erythritol ukuthi iphansi kakhulu ngamakhalori futhi inomthelela omncane emazingeni kashukela egazini, okwenza ithandwe ngabantu abalandela ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aphansi noma i-ketogenic. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-erythritol ibekezelelwa kahle abantu abaningi futhi ayibangeli ukuphazamiseka kokugaya ukudla okungahlotshaniswa nezinye izinhlobo zotshwala olushukela. Ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokushintsha ushukela ekubhakeni, eziphuzweni, kanye naseswidi setafula.
B. Mannitol
I-Mannitol iwutshwala olushukela oluvela ngokwemvelo ezithelweni nasemifino ehlukahlukene. Imnandi cishe ngo-60% kuya ku-70% njengoshukela futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengesithako esinoshukela omningi emikhiqizweni engenashukela nengenashukela omningi. I-Mannitol inomphumela wokupholisa uma idliwa futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa ekuhlafuneni itshungama, kumaswidi aqinile, nasemikhiqizweni yemithi. Iphinde isetshenziswe njengesithako esingenasikhuthazi ngenxa yekhono layo lokudonsa amanzi emathunjini, okusiza ekuthuthweni kwamathumbu. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-mannitol kungaholela ekungakhululeki kwesisu kanye nesifo sohudo kwabanye abantu.
C. Xylitol
I-Xylitol iwutshwala olushukela oluvame ukukhishwa okhunini lwe-birch noma olukhiqizwa kwezinye izinto zezitshalo ezifana nama-corn cobs. Imnandi njengoshukela futhi inephrofayili yokunambitheka efanayo, okwenza ibe yindawo ethandwayo yoshukela esikhundleni sezinhlelo ezahlukene. I-Xylitol inokuqukethwe kwamakhalori aphansi kunoshukela futhi inomthelela omncane emazingeni kashukela egazini, okwenza ifaneleke kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abalandela ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aphansi. I-Xylitol yaziwa ngekhono layo lokuvimbela ukukhula kwamagciwane, ikakhulukazi i-Streptococcus mutans, engabangela ukubola kwamazinyo. Lesi sici senza i-xylitol ibe isithako esivamile ezinsinini ezingenashukela, ama-mint, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komlomo.
D. I-Maltitol
I-Maltitol iwutshwala olushukela oluvame ukusetshenziswa esikhundleni sikashukela emikhiqizweni engenashukela nengashukela ophansi. Imnandi cishe ngo-90% njengoshukela futhi ivame ukusetshenziselwa ukunikeza ubumnandi obukhulu nobuningi ezisetshenziswayo ezifana noshokoledi, amaswidi, kanye nezimpahla ezibhakiwe. I-Maltitol inokunambitheka kanye nokuthungwa okufanayo noshukela, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo kokudala izinhlobo ezingenashukela zokudla kwendabuko. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ukusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwe-maltitol kungaholela ekungakhululeki kwamathumbu kanye nemiphumela yokuhlanza, ikakhulukazi kubantu abazwela utshwala obushukela.
Lawa ma-sugar alcohols anikeza ezinye izindlela esikhundleni sikashukela wendabuko kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo ushukela noma ukulawula amazinga abo kashukela egazini. Uma esetshenziswa ngokulinganisela, ama-sugar alcohols angaba yingxenye yokudla okunempilo nokunokulinganisela kubantu abaningi. Kodwa-ke, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukubekezelelana komuntu ngamunye kanye nanoma yimiphi imiphumela engaba khona yokugaya ukudla lapho uwafaka ekudleni.
IV. Izinongo Ezingavamile Nezingajwayelekile
Amaswidi angavamile nangavamile abhekisela kuma-sweeteners angasetshenziswa kabanzi noma angatholakali kwezentengiselwano. Lokhu kungafaka amakhemikhali emvelo noma izingcezu ezinezakhiwo zokuswidiza ezingatholakali kakhulu emakethe. Izibonelo zingafaka i-mogroside evela ku-monk fruit, i-thaumatin evela ku-katemfe fruit, kanye noshukela abahlukahlukene abangavamile njenge-L-arabinose kanye ne-L-fucose.
A. L-Arabinose
I-L-arabinose ushukela we-pentose otholakala ngokwemvelo, ovame ukutholakala ezitshalweni ezifana ne-hemicellulose ne-pectin. Ushukela ongavamile futhi awuvamile ukusetshenziswa njengesithako esimnandi embonini yokudla. Kodwa-ke, ithole ukunakwa ngezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zempilo, okuhlanganisa nendima yayo ekuvimbeleni ukumuncwa kwe-sucrose yokudla kanye nokunciphisa amazinga kashukela egazini ngemva kokudla. I-L-arabinose iyacwaningwa ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okungaba khona ekuphatheni amazinga kashukela egazini kanye nokusekela ukuphathwa kwesisindo. Nakuba kudingeka ucwaningo olwengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele imiphumela yayo empilweni yabantu, i-L-arabinose iyisithako esithakazelisayo esinokusetshenziswa okungaba khona ekuthuthukisweni kwemikhiqizo yokuthuthukisa ubumnandi enempilo.
B. L-Fucose
I-L-fucose ushukela ophuma emanzini olwandle otholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukhula lwasolwandle olunsundu, isikhunta esithile, kanye nobisi lwezilwane ezincelisayo. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa kakhulu njengesithako sokudla, i-L-fucose iye yacwaningwa ngezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona kwezempilo, ikakhulukazi ekusekeleni ukusebenza komzimba kanye nanjenge-prebiotic yamagciwane awusizo emathunjini. Iphinde ihlolwe ngezakhiwo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye nokulwa nomdlavuza. Ngenxa yokuvela kwayo okungavamile kanye nemiphumela engaba khona kwezempilo, i-L-fucose iyindawo ethakazelisayo yocwaningo olwengeziwe emikhakheni yokudla okunempilo kanye nempilo.
C. L-Rhamnose
I-L-rhamnose iwushukela we-deoxy otholakala ngokwemvelo emithonjeni eyahlukahlukene yezitshalo, okuhlanganisa izithelo, imifino, kanye nezitshalo zokwelapha. Nakuba ingasetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithako esimnandi, i-L-rhamnose iye yacwaningwa ngezakhiwo zayo zangaphambi kokulwa namagciwane, ikhuthaza ukukhula kwamagciwane awusizo emathunjini futhi ingase isekele impilo yokugaya ukudla. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-L-rhamnose iyahlolwa ngezinhlelo zayo ezingaba khona ekulweni nokutheleleka kwamagciwane kanye ne-ejenti yokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ukungatholakali kwayo kanye nezinzuzo zayo zempilo ezingaba khona kwenza i-L-rhamnose ibe yindawo ethakazelisayo yocwaningo ngokusetshenziswa kwayo okungenzeka ekudleni nasezithakweni.
D. Mogroside V
I-Mogroside V iyinhlanganisela etholakala esithelweni se-Siraitia grosvenorii, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi isithelo se-monk. Iyi-sweetener engavamile futhi eyenzeka ngokwemvelo emnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, okwenza kube ukukhetha okuthandwayo njengokushintsha ushukela wemvelo. I-Mogroside V iye yacwaningwa ngezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zempilo, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo ze-antioxidant kanye nekhono layo lokusekela ukulawulwa koshukela egazini. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye izinto ezinambithekayo ukuthuthukisa ubumnandi ngenkathi kunciphisa okuqukethwe ushukela ekudleni naseziphuzweni. Njengoba inesithakazelo esikhulayo ezintweni ezinambithekayo zemvelo, i-mogroside V ithole ukunakwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okuyingqayizivele kanye nezakhiwo ezingaba nokukhuthaza impilo.
E. Thaumatin
I-Thaumatin iyisithako esisekelwe kumaprotheni esitholakala esithelweni sesitshalo se-katemfe (i-Thaumatococcus daniellii). Inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi imnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, okuvumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ngobuningi obuncane njengokufaka esikhundleni soshukela. I-Thaumatin inenzuzo yokuba nokunambitheka okuhlanzekile, okumnandi ngaphandle kokunambitheka okubabayo okuvame ukuhlotshaniswa nezithako zokwenziwa. Iphinde ikwazi ukumelana nokushisa, okwenza ifaneleke ukusetshenziswa ezinhlobonhlobo zokudla neziphuzo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-thaumatin iyahlolwa ngezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona zempilo, okuhlanganisa izakhiwo zayo zokulwa namagciwane kanye ne-antioxidant, kanye nendima yayo engaba khona ekulawuleni isifiso sokudla.
Lezi zithako ezingavamile nezingavamile zinikeza izici ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zempilo, okwenza zibe yindawo ethakazelisayo yocwaningo olwengeziwe kanye nezicelo ezingaba khona embonini yokudla neziphuzo. Nakuba zingase zingaqashelwa kabanzi njengezithako zendabuko, izakhiwo zazo ezihlukile kanye nemiphumela yazo yezempilo engaba khona kuzenza zibe izinketho ezithakazelisayo kubantu abafuna ezinye izindlela zokwenza izithako ezinempilo.
V. Izithambisi Zemvelo
Izithako zemvelo ziyizinto ezitholakala ezitshalweni noma eminye imithombo yemvelo esetshenziselwa ukwenza ukudla neziphuzo kube mnandi. Zivame ukubhekwa njengezinye izindlela ezinempilo esikhundleni sezithako zokwenza izinto kanye noshukela. Izibonelo zifaka phakathi i-stevia, i-Trehalose, uju, i-agave nectar, kanye ne-maple syrup.
A. Stevioside
I-Stevioside iyisithako semvelo esithathwe emaqabunga esitshalo i-Stevia rebaudiana, esidabuka eNingizimu Melika. Saziwa ngobumnandi baso obukhulu, cishe buphindwe izikhathi ezingu-150-300 kunoshukela wendabuko, kanti futhi sinama-calories aphansi. I-Stevioside ithole ukuthandwa njengesithako soshukela ngenxa yemvelaphi yayo yemvelo kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona. Ayifaki isandla ekwandeni kwamazinga kashukela egazini, okwenza kube inketho efanelekile kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo abafuna ukulawula amazinga abo kashukela egazini. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-stevioside ihlolwe ngendima yayo engaba khona ekusekeleni ukuphathwa kwesisindo kanye nokunciphisa ingozi yokubola kwamazinyo. Ivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo, kufaka phakathi iziphuzo ezithambile, i-yogurt, kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe, njengendlela yemvelo ehlukile kunoshukela wendabuko. I-Stevioside ngokuvamile iqashelwa njengephephile (GRAS) yi-US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) futhi ivunyelwe ukusetshenziswa njengesithako emazweni amaningi emhlabeni jikelele.
B. Trehalose
I-Trehalose ushukela wemvelo ongasasebenzi kahle otholakala emithonjeni eyahlukene, okuhlanganisa amakhowe, uju, kanye nezidalwa ezithile zasolwandle. Yakhiwe ngama-molecule amabili e-glucose futhi yaziwa ngekhono layo lokugcina umswakama nokuvikela isakhiwo samaseli, okwenza isetshenziswe kabanzi njenge-ejenti yokuzinzisa ekudleni nasemikhiqizweni yemithi. Ngaphezu kwezakhiwo zayo zokusebenza, i-trehalose ikhombisa ukunambitheka okumnandi, cishe ubumnandi obungu-45-50% boshukela wendabuko. I-Trehalose idonsele ukunaka ngezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona, okuhlanganisa indima yayo njengomthombo wamandla wokusebenza kwamaseli kanye nekhono layo lokusekela ukuvikelwa kwamaseli nokuqina. Icwaningwa ngezinhlelo zayo ezingaba khona ekukhuthazeni impilo yesikhumba, umsebenzi wezinzwa, kanye nempilo yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi. Njenge-sweetener, i-trehalose isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa i-ayisikhilimu, amaswidi, kanye nezinto ezibhakiwe, futhi iyaziswa ngekhono layo lokuthuthukisa ukunambitheka kanye nokuthungwa ngenkathi ifaka isandla ekhwalithini iyonke yemikhiqizo yokudla.
Lezi zinongo zemvelo, i-stevioside kanye ne-trehalose, zinikeza izici ezihlukile kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona zempilo, okwenza kube izinketho ezidumile kubantu abafuna ezinye izindlela zokwenza ubumnandi bube ngcono. Imvelaphi yazo yemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwazo okuguquguqukayo emikhiqizweni yokudla neziphuzo kuye kwaba nomthelela ekusetshenzisweni kwazo kabanzi kanye nokukhanga phakathi kwabathengi abafuna ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwabo ushukela wendabuko. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ucwaningo oluqhubekayo luyaqhubeka nokuhlola izindima zabo ezingaba khona ekusekeleni impilo kanye nenhlalakahle iyonke.
VI. Ukuqhathaniswa Kwezinto Ezimnandi
A. Imiphumela yezempilo: Izithambisi zokwenziwa:
I-Aspartame: I-Aspartame ibilokhu iyisithako esiphikisanayo, kanti ezinye izifundo zibonisa ukuxhumana okungenzeka nezinkinga ezahlukene zempilo. Kwaziwa ukuthi imnandi kakhulu kunoshukela futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njengendawo yokushintsha ushukela emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo.
I-Acesulfame potassium: I-Acesulfame potassium iyiswidi sokwenziwa esingenawo ama-calories. Ivame ukusetshenziswa ngokuhlanganiswa nezinye iziswidi emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene. Ucwaningo ngemiphumela yaso yempilo yesikhathi eside luyaqhubeka.
I-Sucralose: I-Sucralose iyiswidi sokwenziwa esidumile esitholakala emikhiqizweni eminingi enama-calorie aphansi futhi engenashukela. Yaziwa ngokuqina kwayo ekushiseni futhi ifanele ukubhaka. Nakuba abantu abaningi bekubona kuphephile ukukudla, ezinye izifundo ziphakamise imibuzo mayelana nemiphumela engaba khona empilweni.
Utshwala obushukela:
I-Erythritol: I-Erythritol iwutshwala olunoshukela olutholakala ngokwemvelo kwezinye izithelo nokudla okubilisiwe. Ayinawo amakhalori futhi ayithinti amazinga kashukela egazini, okwenza kube yisithako esithandwayo kulabo abadla ukudla okunama-carbohydrate aphansi.
I-Mannitol: I-Mannitol iyi-sugar alcohol esetshenziswa njengesithako esimnandi nesigcwalisayo. Imnandi cishe ngesigamu njengoshukela futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa kumaswidi angenashukela kanye namaswidi anesifo sikashukela.
I-Xylitol: I-Xylitol ingenye i-sugar alcohol esetshenziswa kabanzi njengendawo esikhundleni sikashukela. Inokunambitheka okumnandi okufana noshukela futhi yaziwa ngezinzuzo zayo zamazinyo njengoba ingasiza ekuvimbeleni ukugoba. I-Maltitol: I-Maltitol i-sugar alcohol evame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni engenashukela, kodwa inokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-caloric kunezinye i-sugar alcohols. Inokunambitheka okumnandi futhi ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-sweetener eningi kumaswidi nama-dessert angenashukela.
Izithambisi Ezingavamile Nezingajwayelekile:
I-L-arabinose, i-L-fucose, i-L-rhamnose: Lawa mashukela angavamile acwaningwe kancane ngemiphumela yawo yezempilo, kodwa awasetshenziswa kabanzi njengezinongo emikhiqizweni yezentengiselwano.
I-Mogroside: Itholakala esithelweni se-monk, i-mogroside iyisithako semvelo esimnandi kakhulu kunoshukela. Isetshenziswa ngokwesiko emazweni ase-Asia futhi iya ngokuya ithandwa njengesithako semvelo embonini yezempilo.
I-Thaumatin: I-Thaumatin iyi-sweetener yemvelo yeprotheyini etholakala esithelweni se-katemfe saseNtshonalanga Afrika. Yaziwa ngokunambitheka kwayo okumnandi kakhulu futhi isetshenziswa njengesithako semvelo kanye nokushintsha ukunambitheka emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene.
Izithako zemvelo:
Ama-glycoside e-Steviol: Ama-glycoside e-Steviol angama-glycoside akhishwe emaqabunga esitshalo se-Stevia. Ayaziwa ngokunambitheka kwawo okumnandi futhi asetshenziswe njengesithako semvelo emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo.
I-Trehalose: I-Trehalose iyi-disaccharide eyenzeka ngokwemvelo etholakala ezintweni eziphilayo ezithile, okuhlanganisa izitshalo kanye nama-microorganism. Iyaziwa ngekhono layo lokuzinzisa amaprotheni futhi ibilokhu isetshenziswa njengesithambisi kanye nesiqinisi ekudleni okucutshungulwe.
B. Ubumnandi:
Izithako zokwenziwa ngokuvamile zimnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, futhi izinga lobumnandi lohlobo ngalunye liyahlukahluka. Isibonelo, i-aspartame ne-sucralose zimnandi kakhulu kunoshukela, ngakho-ke amanani amancane angasetshenziswa ukufeza izinga lobumnandi elifiswayo. Ubumnandi be-sugar alcohols bufana noshukela, ubumnandi be-erythritol bungaba ngu-60-80% we-sucrose, kanti ubumnandi be-xylitol bufana noshukela.
Izithako ezingavamile nezingavamile ezifana ne-mogroside ne-thaumatin zaziwa ngobumnandi bazo obukhulu, ngokuvamile zinamandla amakhulu kunoshukela. Izithako zemvelo ezifana ne-stevia ne-trehalose nazo zimnandi kakhulu. I-Stevia imnandi cishe izikhathi ezingu-200-350 kunoshukela, kanti i-trehalose imnandi cishe ngo-45-60% kune-sucrose.
C. Izicelo ezifanele:
Izithako zokwenziwa zivame ukusetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene engenashukela noma enama-calorie aphansi, okuhlanganisa iziphuzo, imikhiqizo yobisi, izinto ezibhakiwe, kanye nezithako zokudla etafuleni. Ama-alcohol kashukela avame ukusetshenziswa ku-gum engenashukela, amaswidi, neminye imikhiqizo ye-confectionery, kanye nokudla okufanele abantu abanesifo sikashukela. Izithako zokwenziwa ezingavamile nezingavamile njenge-mogroside kanye ne-thaumatin zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene yokudla neziphuzo kanye nasembonini yemithi kanye nezithako zokudla.
Izithako zemvelo ezifana ne-stevia ne-trehalose zisetshenziswa emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa iziphuzo ezibandayo, ama-dessert, namanzi anongiwe, kanye nokudla okucutshungulwe njengezithako zokwenza izinto zibe zinhle kanye neziqinisi. Besebenzisa lolu lwazi, abantu bangenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana nokuthi yiziphi izithako zokwenza izinto zibe zinhle okufanele bazifake ekudleni kwabo nasezindleleni zokupheka ngokusekelwe emiphumeleni yezempilo, amazinga obumnandi, kanye nokusetshenziswa okufanele.
VII. Okucatshangelwayo kanye Nezincomo
A. Imikhawulo Yokudla:
Izithambisi Zokwenziwa:
I-Aspartame, i-Acesulfame Potassium, ne-Sucralose zisetshenziswa kabanzi kodwa kungenzeka zingafaneleki kubantu abane-phenylketonuria, isifo esizuzwe njengefa esivimbela ukuwohloka kwe-phenylalanine, ingxenye ye-aspartame.
Utshwala Obushukela:
I-Erythritol, i-Mannitol, i-Xylitol, ne-Maltitol yiziphuzo ezinoshukela ezingabangela izinkinga zokugaya ukudla njengokuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo kwabanye abantu, ngakho labo abanokuzwela kufanele bazisebenzise ngokuqapha.
Izithambisi Ezingavamile Nezingajwayelekile:
I-L-Arabinose, i-L-Fucose, i-L-Rhamnose, i-Mogroside, kanye ne-Thaumatin ayivamile kakhulu futhi kungenzeka ingabi nemikhawulo ethile yokudla, kodwa abantu abanokuzwela noma ukungezwani komzimba kufanele bahlole njalo nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokusebenzisa.
Izithambisi Zemvelo:
I-Stevioside ne-Trehalose ziyizinto zemvelo ezibangela ubumnandi futhi ngokuvamile zibekezelelwa kahle, kodwa abantu abanesifo sikashukela noma ezinye izimo zezokwelapha kufanele baxhumane nomhlinzeki wezempilo ngaphambi kokuzifaka ekudleni kwabo.
B. Ukusetshenziswa Okufanelekile Kwezinto Ezihlukahlukene Zokwenza Ubumnandi:
Izithambisi Zokwenziwa:
I-Aspartame, i-Acesulfame Potassium, ne-Sucralose zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-diet soda, imikhiqizo engenashukela, kanye nama-tabletop sweeteners.
Utshwala Obushukela:
I-Erythritol, i-Xylitol, ne-Mannitol zivame ukusetshenziswa kumaswidi angenashukela, i-chewing gum, kanye nemikhiqizo enobungani nesifo sikashukela ngenxa yokuthi ayithinti ushukela egazini.
Izithambisi Ezingavamile Nezingajwayelekile:
I-L-Arabinose, i-L-Fucose, i-L-Rhamnose, i-Mogroside, kanye ne-Thaumatin ingatholakala ekudleni okukhethekile kwezempilo, izinto ezinambithekayo zemvelo, kanye nezinto ezithatha indawo kashukela emikhiqizweni ekhethiwe.
Izithambisi Zemvelo:
I-Stevioside ne-Trehalose zivame ukusetshenziswa kuma-sweeteners emvelo, imikhiqizo yokubhaka ekhethekile, kanye nezinye izinto ezithatha indawo kashukela ekudleni naseziphuzweni ezikhathalela impilo.
C. Kungani Izinto Ezimnandi Zemvelo Zingcono?
Amaswidi emvelo avame ukubhekwa njengangcono kune-sweeteners yokwenziwa ngenxa yezizathu eziningana:
Izinzuzo Zempilo: Izithako zemvelo zitholakala ezitshalweni noma emithonjeni yemvelo futhi zivame ukucutshungulwa kancane kunezithako zokwenziwa. Zingaqukatha izakhamzimba ezengeziwe kanye namakhemikhali e-phyto anganikeza izinzuzo zezempilo.
Inkomba Ye-Glycemic Ephansi: Izithako eziningi zemvelo zinomthelela ophansi emazingeni kashukela egazini uma kuqhathaniswa noshukela ocolisisiwe kanye nezithako zokwenziwa, okwenza zifaneleke kubantu abanesifo sikashukela noma labo ababheka amazinga kashukela egazini labo.
Izithasiselo Ezimbalwa: Izithasiselo zemvelo ngokuvamile ziqukethe izithasiselo namakhemikhali ambalwa uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izithasiselo zokwenziwa, okungase kukhange abantu abafuna ukudla okungokwemvelo futhi okungacutshungulwanga kakhulu.
Ukukhanga Kwelebula Elihlanzekile: Izinongo zemvelo zivame ukuba nokukhanga "kwelebula elihlanzekile", okusho ukuthi zibhekwa njengezemvelo futhi zinempilo ngabathengi abaqaphela izithako ekudleni naseziphuzweni zabo.
Kungenzeka Kokuqukethwe Okuphansi Kwekhalori: Ezinye izinto ezinambithekayo zemvelo, njenge-stevia kanye ne-monk fruit, ziphansi kakhulu kumakhalori noma azinawo nhlobo amakhalori, okwenza zikhange kubantu abafuna ukunciphisa ukudla kwabo amakhalori.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi nakuba izinongo zemvelo zinezinzuzo ezingaba khona, ukulinganisela kubalulekile ekudleni noma yiluphi uhlobo lwesinongo, semvelo noma sokwenziwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abanye abantu bangase babe nokuzwela noma ukungezwani komzimba nezinongo ezithile zemvelo, ngakho-ke kubalulekile ukucabangela izidingo zempilo yomuntu ngamunye kanye nezintandokazi zakhe lapho ekhetha isinongo.
D. Ungathengaphi Izinto Ezimnandi Zemvelo?
I-BIOWAY ORGANIC ibilokhu isebenza ku-R&D yama-sweeteners kusukela ngo-2009 futhi singanikeza ama-sweeteners emvelo alandelayo:
I-Stevia: I-sweetener esekelwe ezitshalweni, i-stevia itholakala emaqabunga esitshalo se-stevia futhi yaziwa ngama-calories ayo angekho kanye namandla aphezulu obumnandi.
I-Monk Fruit Extract: Ithathwe esithelweni se-monk, lesi sithako semvelo sinenkomba ye-glycemic ephansi futhi sicebile ngama-antioxidants.
I-Xylitol: Utshwala olushukela oluvela ezitshalweni, i-xylitol inenkomba ephansi ye-glycemic futhi yaziwa ngekhono layo lokusiza ekugcineni impilo yomlomo.
I-Erythritol: Enye i-sugar alcohol, i-erythritol, itholakala ezithelweni nasemifino futhi inokuqukethwe okunama-calorie aphansi.
I-Inulin: I-fiber ye-prebiotic etholakala ezitshalweni, i-inulin iyi-sweetener enama-calorie aphansi ecebile ngezakhamzimba futhi esiza ekusekeleni impilo yokugaya ukudla.
Sazise nje isicelo sakho ku-grace@biowaycn.com.
VIII. Isiphetho
Kuyo yonke le ngxoxo, sihlole izinhlobo ezahlukene zoshukela wemvelo kanye nezakhiwo zawo ezihlukile. Kusukela ku-stevia kuya ku-monk fruit extract, i-xylitol, i-erythritol, kanye ne-inulin, ushukela ngamunye unikeza izinzuzo ezithile, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okuqukethwe yi-zero calories, i-low glycemic index, noma izinzuzo ezengeziwe zezempilo ezifana nama-antioxidants noma ukwesekwa kokugaya ukudla. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zoshukela wemvelo kungasiza abathengi ukuthi benze izinqumo ezinolwazi ezihambisana nempilo yabo kanye nezintandokazi zabo zendlela yokuphila.
Njengabathengi, ukwenza izinqumo ezinolwazi mayelana namaswidi esiwasebenzisayo kubalulekile empilweni yethu nasenhlalakahleni yethu. Ngokufunda ngamaswidi ahlukahlukene emvelo atholakalayo kanye nezinzuzo zawo, singenza izinqumo eziqondile ezisekela imigomo yethu yokudla. Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ukunciphisa ukudla kwethu ushukela, ukulawula amazinga kashukela egazini, noma ukufuna ezinye izindlela ezinempilo, ukukhetha amaswidi emvelo kungathinta kahle inhlalakahle yethu iyonke. Masiqhubeke nokuhlola nokwamukela ingcebo yezinketho zamaswidi emvelo ezitholakalayo, sizinike amandla ngolwazi lokwenza izinqumo ezinhle kakhulu emizimbeni yethu kanye nempilo yethu.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Jan-05-2024
