Ama-pigment aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka avunyelwe ukungezwa ekudleni ezweni lakithi afaka phakathi i-gardenia blue pigment, i-phycocyanin kanye ne-indigo. I-Gardenia blue pigment yenziwa ngesithelo se-Rubiaceae gardenia. Ama-pigment e-Phycocyanin akhishwa futhi acutshungulwe ezitshalweni ze-algal ezifana ne-spirulina, i-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanye ne-nostoc. I-Plant indigo yenziwa ngokubilisa amaqabunga ezitshalo eziqukethe i-indole ezifana ne-indigo indigo, i-woad indigo, i-wood indigo, kanye ne-horse indigo. Ama-Anthocyanins nawo ayi-pigment evamile ekudleni, futhi amanye ama-anthocyanins angasetshenziswa njengemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekudleni ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. Abangane bami abaningi bavame ukudida i-blueberry eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kanye ne-phycocyanin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Manje ake sixoxe ngomehluko phakathi kwalokhu okubili.
I-Phycocyanin iyisithako se-spirulina, into eluhlaza esebenzayo, engasetshenziswa njenge-pigment yemvelo ekudleni, ezimonyweni, emikhiqizweni yezempilo, njll.
EYurophu, i-phycocyanin isetshenziswa njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokudla ezinombala futhi isetshenziswa ngobuningi obungenamkhawulo. Emazweni afana neShayina, i-United States, iJapani, neMexico, i-phycocyanin isetshenziswa njengomthombo wombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ekudleni naseziphuzweni ezahlukahlukene. Iphinde isetshenziswe njenge-ejenti yokufaka imibala ezithasiselo zokudla okunempilo kanye nemithi ngamanani asukela ku-0.4g-40g/kg, kuye ngokujula kombala odingekayo ekudleni.
Amajingijolo
I-Blueberry ukudla okungaveza ngqo okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Kunokudla okumbalwa kakhulu okungaveza okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka emvelweni. Kwaziwa nangokuthi i-lingonberry. Kungenye yezinhlobo zezihlahla ezincane zezithelo. Ivela eMelika. Enye yokudla okuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Izinto zayo ezinombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ikakhulukazi ama-anthocyanins. Ama-Anthocyanins, aziwa nangokuthi ama-anthocyanins, ayisigaba semibala yemvelo encibilika emanzini etholakala kabanzi ezitshalweni. Angama-flavonoid futhi akhona kakhulu ngesimo sama-glycosides, aziwa nangokuthi ama-anthocyanins. Yizinto eziyinhloko zemibala ekhanyayo yezimbali zezitshalo nezithelo. Isisekelo.
Imithombo ye-phycocyanin eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ihlukile
I-Phycocyanin ikhishwa ku-spirulina futhi iyiprotheni eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ama-blueberry athola umbala wawo oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuma-anthocyanins, okuyizinto ezibizwa ngama-flavonoid, ama-pigment ancibilika emanzini. Abantu abaningi bacabanga ukuthi i-phycocyanin iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti ama-blueberry nawo aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, futhi bavame ukungakwazi ukubona ukuthi ukudla kufakwe ne-phycocyanin noma ama-blueberry. Eqinisweni, ijusi lama-blueberry liphuzi, kanti umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka wama-blueberry ubangelwa ama-anthocyanins. Ngakho-ke, ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwalokhu okubili ukuqhathanisa phakathi kwe-phycocyanin ne-anthocyanin.
I-Phycocyanin kanye ne-anthocyanin ziyahlukahluka ngombala nangokuzinza
I-Phycocyanin izinzile kakhulu esimweni sayo soketshezi noma esiqinile, iluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka okucacile, futhi ukuqina kwayo kuzoncipha ngokusobala lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-60°C, umbala wesisombululo uzoshintsha kusuka kokuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuya kokuphuzi okuluhlaza, futhi uzonyamalala nge-alkali enamandla.
Impuphu ye-Anthocyanin ibomvu ngokujulile kuya kobomvu onsundu okhanyayo.
I-Anthocyanin ayizinzile kakhulu kune-phycocyanin, ikhombisa imibala ehlukene kuma-pH ahlukene, futhi iyazwela kakhulu kuma-asidi nama-alkali. Uma i-pH ingaphansi kuka-2, i-anthocyanin ibomvu ngokugqamile, uma ingathathi hlangothi, i-anthocyanin inombala onsomi, uma i-alkali, i-anthocyanin inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti uma i-pH ingaphezu kuka-11, i-anthocyanin inombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngakho-ke, ngokuvamile isiphuzo esifakwe ne-anthocyanin sinombala onsomi, futhi siluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngaphansi kwezimo ze-alkali ezibuthakathaka. Iziphuzo ezine-phycocyanin eyengeziwe zivame ukuba nombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ama-blueberry angasetshenziswa njengombala wokudla wemvelo. Ngokusho kwe-American Health Foundation, izakhamuzi zaseMelika zakuqala zazibilisa ubisi nama-blueberry ukuze zenze upende ompunga. Kungabonakala ocwaningweni lokudaya ama-blueberry lwe-National Dyeing Museum ukuthi ukudaya ama-blueberry akuluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
I-Phycocyanin iwumbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ovunyelwe ukungezwa ekudleni
Izinto zokusetshenziswa zombala wemvelo zivela emithonjeni ehlukahlukene (ezivela ezilwaneni, ezitshalweni, kuma-microorganisms, amaminerali, njll.) kanye nezinhlobo ezahlukene (cishe izinhlobo ezingama-600 zilotshwe kusukela ngo-2004), kodwa imibala yemvelo eyenziwe ngalezi zinto ibomvu kakhulu futhi iphuzi. Ngokuyinhloko, imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ayivelakancane kakhulu, futhi ivame ukukhulunywa ngayo ezincwadini ngamagama anjengokuthi "ayigugu", "ambalwa kakhulu", kanye "ayivamile". Ku-GB2760-2011 "Izindinganiso Zokuhlanzeka Zokusetshenziswa Kwezithako Zokudla", imibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka kuphela engangezwa ekudleni yi-gardenia blue pigment, i-phycocyanin, kanye ne-indigo. Futhi ngo-2021, "I-National Food Safety Standard - Food Additive Spirulina" (GB30616-2020) izosetshenziswa ngokusemthethweni.
I-Phycocyanin ikhanya kakhulu
I-Phycocyanin ikhanya kakhulu futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-reagent yocwaningo oluthile lwe-photodynamic ku-biology kanye ne-cytology. Ama-Anthocyanins awakhanya kakhulu.
Fingqa
1. I-Phycocyanin iyi-pigment yeprotheni etholakala ku-algae eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, kanti i-anthocyanin iyi-pigment etholakala ezitshalweni ezahlukahlukene ezizinika umbala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, obomvu, noma onsomi.
2. I-Phycocyanin inezakhiwo zama-molecule ezahlukene kanye nokwakheka kwayo uma kuqhathaniswa ne-anthocyanin.
3. I-Phycocyanin ibonise izinzuzo ezahlukahlukene zezempilo, okuhlanganisa nemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant, kuyilapho i-anthocyanin nayo ikhonjisiwe ukuthi inezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant, kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona empilweni yenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi.
4. I-Phycocyanin isetshenziswa ekudleni nasezintweni ezihlukahlukene zokuhlobisa, kuyilapho i-anthocyanin ivame ukusetshenziswa njengombala wokudla wemvelo noma izithasiselo.
5. I-Phycocyanin inezinga likazwelonke lokuphepha kokudla, kanti i-anthocyanin ayinalo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-26-2023
