Izindaba - Ukukhiqizwa Kwe-Vanillin Yemvelo Kusuka Ezinsizeni Ezivuselelekayo

I.Isingeniso

I-Vanillin ingelinye lama-flavour compounds athandwa kakhulu futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi emhlabeni.Ngokwesiko, ikhishwe kubhontshisi we-vanilla, obizayo futhi obhekene nezinselelo mayelana nokusimama kanye nokuba sengozini kwe-supply chain.Kodwa-ke, ngokuthuthuka kwe-biotechnology, ikakhulukazi emkhakheni we-microbial biotransformation, sekuvele inkathi entsha yokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin yemvelo.Ukusebenzisa ama-microorganisms ekuguqulweni kwebhayoloji yezinto zokusetshenziswa zemvelo kunikeze indlela esebenza ngokwezomnotho yokwenziwa kwe-vanillin.Le ndlela ayigcini nje ngokubhekana nokukhathazeka kokusimama kodwa futhi inikeza izixazululo ezintsha zemboni yokunambitheka.Ucwaningo olwenziwe yi-SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST) lunikeze ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwezindlela ze-eclectic ekuhlanganisweni kwebhayoloji ye-vanillin kanye nokusetshenziswa kwayo emkhakheni wokudla, kufingqa amasu ahlukahlukene okwenziwa kwe-biological synthesis ye-vanillin evela kuma-substrates ahlukene kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zayo. izicelo embonini yokudla.

II.Ungayithola Kanjani I-Vanillin Yemvelo Ezinsizeni Ezivuselelekayo

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Ferulic Acid njenge-Substrate

I-Ferulic acid, etholakala emithonjeni efana ne-rice bran ne-oat bran, ibonisa ukufana kwesakhiwo ne-vanillin futhi isebenza njengesandulela esisetshenziswa kabanzi sokukhiqiza i-vanillin.Amagciwane ahlukahlukene afana ne-Pseudomonas, i-Aspergillus, i-Streptomyces, kanye nesikhunta asetshenziselwe ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin nge-ferulic acid.Ngokuphawulekayo, izinhlobo ezifana ne-Amycolatopsis kanye ne-White-rot fungi zikhonjwe njengabangase bakwazi ukukhiqiza i-vanillin nge-ferulic acid.Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwaphenya ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin kusuka ku-ferulic acid kusetshenziswa ama-microorganisms, izindlela ze-enzymatic, nezinhlelo ezingenakunyakaziswa, okugqamisa ukuguquguquka kanye namandla ale ndlela.

I-enzymatic synthesis ye-vanillin evela ku-ferulic acid ihlanganisa i-enzyme eyinhloko i-feruloyl esterase, eyenza i-hydrolysis ye-ester bond ku-ferulic acid, ikhiphe i-vanillin neminye imikhiqizo ehlobene nayo.Ngokuhlola inani eliphelele lama-enzyme e-vanillin biosynthetic ezinhlelweni ezingenazo amaseli, abacwaningi baye bahlakulela uhlobo oluthuthukisiwe lwe-Escherichia coli olukwazi ukuguqula i-ferulic acid (20mM) ibe i-vanillin (15mM).Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kwe-microbial cell immobilization kudonsele ukunakwa ngenxa ye-biocompatibility yayo enhle kakhulu kanye nokuzinza ngaphansi kwezimo ezihlukahlukene.Inqubo ye-novel immobilization yokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin kusuka ku-ferulic acid yenziwe, iqeda isidingo sama-coenzymes.Le ndlela ihlanganisa i-coenzyme-independent decarboxylase kanye ne-coenzyme-independent oxygenase ebhekele ukuguqulwa kwe-ferulic acid ibe yi-vanillin.Ukuhlanganiswa kwe-FDC kanye ne-CSO2 kwenza ukukhiqizwa kuka-2.5 mg we-vanillin kusuka ku-ferulic acid emijikelezweni eyishumi yokusabela, okuphawula isibonelo sokuqala sokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin ngokusebenzisa i-enzyme biotechnology enganyakazi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Eugenol/Isoeugenol njenge-Substrate

I-Eugenol ne-isoeugenol, lapho ingaphansi kwe-bioconversion, ikhiqiza i-vanillin nama-metabolites ayo ahlobene, okutholwe ukuthi anezinhlelo zokusebenza ezihlukahlukene kanye nenani elibalulekile lezomnotho.Ucwaningo oluningana luye lwahlola ukusetshenziswa kwama-microorganisms aguqulwe izakhi zofuzo futhi enzeka ngokwemvelo ukuze ahlanganise i-vanillin evela ku-eugenol.Amandla okuwohloka kwe-eugenol abonwe kumabhaktheriya ahlukahlukene kanye nesikhunta, okuhlanganisa kodwa kungagcini nje ku-Bacillus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus, ne-Rhodococcus, okubonisa amandla abo ekukhiqizeni i-vanillin etholakala eugenol.Ukusetshenziswa kwe-eugenol oxidase (EUGO) njenge-enzyme yokukhiqiza i-vanillin endaweni yezimboni kubonise amandla amakhulu.I-EUGO ibonisa ukuzinza nomsebenzi phezu kwebanga le-pH elibanzi, nomsebenzi okhulayo we-EUGO oncibilikayo kanye nokunciphisa isikhathi sokusabela.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukusetshenziswa kwe-EUGO enganyakazi kuvumela ukutholwa kwe-biocatalyst emijikelezweni yokusabela eyi-18, okuholela ekukhuphukeni okuphindwe ka-12 kwesivuno se-biocatalyst.Ngokufanayo, i-enzyme enganyakazi i-CSO2 ingakhuthaza ukuguqulwa kwe-isoeugenol ibe i-vanillin ngaphandle kokuthembela kuma-coenzymes.

Amanye ama-substrates

Ngaphandle kwe-ferulic acid ne-eugenol, ezinye izinhlanganisela ezifana ne-vanillic acid ne-C6-C3 phenylpropanoids ziye zabonakala njengama-substrates angaba khona ekukhiqizeni i-vanillin.I-Vanilllic acid, ekhiqizwa njengomkhiqizo wokuwohloka kwe-lignin noma njengengxenye eqhudelana ezindleleni ze-metabolic, ibhekwa njengesandulela esiyinhloko sokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin esekelwe ku-bio.Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ekusetshenzisweni kwe-C6-C3 phenylpropanoid ye-vanillin synthesis kunikeza ithuba eliyingqayizivele lokusungula ukunambitheka okuzinzile nokusha.

Sengiphetha, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo zokukhiqiza i-vanillin yemvelo nge-microbial biotransformation kuyintuthuko eyingqophamlando embonini yokunambitheka.Le ndlela inikeza enye indlela, indlela eqhubekayo yokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin, ukubhekana nokukhathazeka kokusimama kanye nokunciphisa ukuthembela ezindleleni zendabuko zokukhipha.Ukusetshenziswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nenani lezomnotho le-vanillin kuyo yonke imboni yezokudla kugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqhubeka kocwaningo nentuthuko kule ndawo.Intuthuko yesikhathi esizayo emkhakheni wokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin yemvelo inamandla okuguqula imboni ye-flavour, inikeze ezinye izindlela ezisimeme nezivumelana nemvelo zokusungula ukunambitheka.Njengoba siqhubeka nokusebenzisa amandla ezinsiza ezivuselelekayo kanye nentuthuko ye-biotechnological, ukukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin yemvelo evela kuma-substrates ahlukahlukene kuveza indlela ethembisayo yokusungula ukunambitheka okuzinzile.

III.Yiziphi izinzuzo zokusebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo ukukhiqiza i-vanillin yemvelo

Ayihambisani nemvelo:Ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo ezifana nezitshalo kanye nemfucuza ye-biomass ukukhiqiza i-vanillin kunganciphisa isidingo samafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi, kunciphise umthelela ongemuhle endaweni ezungezile, futhi kunciphise ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa.

Ukusimama:Ukusebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo kwenza kube lula ukutholakala kwamandla nezinto ezingavuthiwe, okusiza ukuvikela imithombo yemvelo kanye nokuhlangabezana nezidingo zezizukulwane ezizayo.

Ukuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo:Ngokusetshenziswa okunengqondo kwemithombo evuselelekayo, izinsiza zezitshalo zasendle zingavikelwa, okunomthelela ekuvikelweni kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokugcinwa kokulingana kwemvelo.

Ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo:Uma kuqhathaniswa ne-vanillin yokwenziwa, i-vanillin yemvelo ingaba nezinzuzo eziningi ngekhwalithi yephunga kanye nezici zemvelo, ezizosiza ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi ye-flavour nemikhiqizo yephunga.

Yehlisa ukuthembela kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi:Ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ezivuselelekayo kusiza ukunciphisa ukuncika kumafutha ezinto ezimbiwa phansi ayivelakancane, okuzuzisa ukuvikeleka kwamandla kanye nokuhlukahluka kwesakhiwo samandla.Ngethemba ukuthi ulwazi olungenhla lungayiphendula imibuzo yakho.Uma udinga idokhumenti yereferensi ngesiNgisi, ngicela ungazise ukuze ngikwazi ukukunikeza yona.

IV.Isiphetho

Amandla okusebenzisa izinsiza ezivuselelekayo ukukhiqiza i-vanillin yemvelo njengendlela eqhubekayo futhi enobungani bemvelo abalulekile.Le ndlela inesithembiso ekubhekaneni nesidingo esikhulayo se-vanillin yemvelo ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuthembela ezindleleni zokukhiqiza zokwenziwa.

I-vanillin yemvelo inesikhundla esibalulekile embonini ye-flavour, yaziswa ngephunga layo eliyingqayizivele kanye nokusetshenziswa okubanzi njengesithako sokunambitheka emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene.Kubalulekile ukugcizelela ukubaluleka kwe-vanillin yemvelo njengesithako esifunwa kakhulu embonini yokudla, isiphuzo, nephunga ngenxa yephrofayili yayo yezinzwa ephakeme kanye nokuthandwa kwabathengi ngama-flavour emvelo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, umkhakha wokukhiqizwa kwe-vanillin yemvelo uveza amathuba amakhulu ocwaningo nokuthuthukiswa okuqhubekayo.Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela ezintsha zokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle nokusimama kokukhiqiza i-vanillin yemvelo emithonjeni evuselelekayo.Ukwengeza, ukuthuthukiswa kwezindlela zokukhiqiza ezingaka futhi ezingabizi kuzodlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuthazeni ukwamukelwa okusabalele kwe-vanillin yemvelo njengendlela ehlukile eqhubekayo ne-eco-friendly embonini yokunambitheka.