Isingeniso
I-Phloretin iyinhlanganisela yemvelo eye yathola ukunakwa okukhulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo zezempilo ezingaba khona.Ingokwesigaba sama-flavonoid, okuyizinhlanganisela zezitshalo ezaziwa ngezakhiwo zazo zokulwa ne-antioxidant nezokuqeda ukuvuvukala.
I-Phloretin ivame ukutholakala ezithelweni ezifana nama-apula, amapheya namagilebhisi.Yiwona owenza lezi zithelo zibe nsundu lapho zichayeka emoyeni.Ngakho-ke, ingatholakala kokubili ngemithombo yemvelo yokudla kanye nesengezo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nesithakazelo esikhulayo ezinzuzweni zezempilo ze-phloretin.Ucwaningo luphakamisa ukuthi ingaba nemiphumela ehlukahlukene emihle emzimbeni, okwenza kube inhlanganisela ethembisayo emkhakheni wezempilo nokuphila kahle.
Iyini i-Phloretin?
I-Phloretin, isakhi se-flavonoid, siyingxenye yeqembu lamakhemikhali ezitshalo ezivele ngokwemvelo aziwa ngezindawo zawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant.Itholakala ngokuyinhloko esikhumbeni sama-apula namapheya, kanye nasezimpandeni namagxolo ezitshalo ezithile.I-Phloretin iyi-dihydrochalcone, uhlobo lwe-phenol yemvelo.Ingatholakala futhi emaqabunga esihlahla sama-apula kanye nebhilikosi laseManchurian.I-Phloretin ithole ukunakwa kwamandla ayo ezinhlelweni ezahlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ekunakekelweni kwesikhumba.
Izinzuzo Zezempilo Eziphezulu zePhloretin
A. Izakhiwo Ze-Antioxidant
Izakhiwo ze-Phloretin ze-antioxidant zisekelwa ubufakazi besayensi.Ucwaningo oluningi luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-phloretin ibonisa umsebenzi onamandla we-antioxidant, okwazi ukuvikela amangqamuzana omzimba emonakalweni obangelwa ama-radicals mahhala.Ama-radicals wamahhala angama-molecule asebenza kakhulu angabangela ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, okuholela ezinkingeni eziningi zezempilo, kuhlanganise nokuguga kanye nezifo ezingapheli.
Lapho ama-radicals wamahhala enqwabelana emzimbeni, angahlasela izakhiwo ezibalulekile zamaselula njenge-DNA, lipids, namaprotheni.Lo monakalo we-oxidative ungaphazamisa ukusebenza kwamangqamuzana futhi ube nomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwezimo ezifana nesifo senhliziyo, umdlavuza, nokuphazamiseka kwe-neurodegenerative.
I-Phloretin, nokho, isebenza njengesithako esinamandla sokungathathi hlangothi kwama-radicals mahhala, iwavimbele ukuthi angalimazi amaseli omzimba.Ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, i-phloretin idlala indima ebalulekile ekugcineni impilo yamangqamuzana nokuvikela ekuthuthukiseni izifo ezingapheli.
B. Imithelela Eqeda Ukuvuvukala
Ucwaningo luye lwabonisa ngokungaguquki ukuthi i-phloretin inezakhiwo ezibalulekile zokulwa nokuvuvukala.Ukuvuvukala kuwukusabela kwemvelo kwamasosha omzimba ukuvikela umzimba ezintweni eziyingozi.Kodwa-ke, ukuvuvukala okungapheli kungabangela ukuthuthukiswa kwezifo ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise nesifo samathambo kanye nesifo samathumbu esivuthayo.
I-Phloretin ivimbela ukukhiqizwa kwama-molecule avuthayo emzimbeni, okusiza ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala okungapheli.Ngokulinganisa impendulo yokuzivikela komzimba kanye nokucindezela ukukhululwa kwabaxhumanisi be-pro-inflammatory, i-phloretin ingasiza ekunciphiseni izimpawu futhi inciphise ingozi yezimo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala.
C. Impilo Yesikhumba
I-Phloretin ithole ukunakwa okukhulu embonini ye-skincare ngenxa yezinzuzo zayo ezingaba khona esikhumbeni.Ucwaningo lwesayensi lusekela ukusetshenziswa kwe-phloretin ekuthuthukiseni impilo yesikhumba ngezindlela eziningi.
Okokuqala, i-phloretin isiza ukuvikela isikhumba emonakalweni obangelwa ukuchayeka elangeni nokungcola kwemvelo.Imisebe ye-Ultraviolet (UV) evela elangeni nezinto ezingcolisa imvelo ingabangela ingcindezi ye-oxidative futhi isheshise ukuguga kwesikhumba.I-Phloretin isebenza njengesihlangu, inciphisa imiphumela eyingozi yemisebe ye-UV kanye nokungcola kwemvelo esikhumbeni.
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo zayo zokuzivikela, i-phloretin itholakale ikhanyisa ibala futhi inciphise i-hyperpigmentation.Ngokuvimbela ama-enzyme athile ahilelekile ekukhiqizeni i-melanin, i-phloretin ingasiza ekuqedeni amabala amnyama futhi idale ithoni yesikhumba elinganayo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, izakhiwo ze-phloretin ze-antioxidant zinomthelela emiphumeleni yayo yokulwa nokuguga.Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kuyisici esikhulu ekuthuthukiseni imibimbi nemigqa emihle.Ngokunciphisa ama-radicals mahhala nokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, i-phloretin isiza ukunciphisa ukubukeka kwezimpawu zokuguga, okuholela esikhumbeni esibushelelezi, esibukeka sisemusha.
D. Ukulawulwa Kwesisindo
Ucwaningo olusafufusa lubonisa ukuthi i-phloretin ingase ibe nezinzuzo ezingase zibe khona ekulawuleni isisindo.Ucwaningo oluthile luye lwabonisa ukuthi i-phloretin ingalawula i-glucose ne-lipid metabolism, izinqubo ezimbili ezibalulekile zokugcina isisindo esinempilo.
I-Phloretin itholakale ithuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin, okwenza amangqamuzana akwazi ukuthatha kahle i-glucose egazini.Ngokuthuthukisa ukuzwela kwe-insulin, i-phloretin ingasiza ekulawuleni amazinga kashukela egazini futhi ivimbele ukunqwabelana kwamafutha amaningi.
Ukwengeza, i-phloretin iboniswe ukunciphisa ukuqoqwa kwamafutha ngokuvimbela ama-enzyme ahilelekile ekuhlanganiseni kwamafutha futhi akhuthaze ukuwohloka kwamafutha.Le miphumela ingase ibe nomthelela ekwehleni kwesisindo nokwakhiwa komzimba okuthuthukisiwe.
Nakuba ucwaningo olwengeziwe luyadingeka ukuze uqonde ngokugcwele izindlela kanye nemiphumela ye-phloretin ekulawuleni isisindo, ubufakazi obukhona bubonisa ukuthi bunamandla okusiza ekugcineni isisindo esinempilo.
Ekuphetheni,I-phloretin inikeza uchungechunge lwezinzuzo zezempilo ezisekelwa ubufakazi besayensi.Izakhiwo zayo ze-antioxidant zivikela amangqamuzana emonakalweni, imiphumela yawo yokulwa nokuvuvukala isiza ukunciphisa ingozi yezimo ezingapheli zokuvuvukala, futhi inikeza izinzuzo eziningi empilweni yesikhumba.Ukwengeza, ucwaningo lokuqala lubonisa ukuthi i-phloretin ingaba nendima ekulawuleni isisindo.Ukufaka i-phloretin ezinhlelweni zokunakekelwa kwesikhumba noma ukuyisebenzise njengesithasiselo sokudla kungase kunikeze izinzuzo ezibalulekile zenhlalakahle yonke.
Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Phloretin
A. Isengezo Sokudla
I-Phloretin ayitholakali kuphela ezithelweni ezifana nama-apula, amapheya, nama-cherry kodwa futhi iyatholakala njengesengezo sokudla ngendlela yamaphilisi noma izimpushana.Ubufakazi besayensi bezinto ze-phloretin ze-antioxidant buqinile.Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry luthole ukuthi i-phloretin ikhombisa umsebenzi onamandla wokulwa ne-antioxidant, eqeda amandla ama-radicals ayingozi emzimbeni (Kessler et al., 2003).Ngokunciphisa ukucindezeleka okwenziwe nge-oxidative, i-phloretin ingasiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana emonakalweni futhi isekele impilo nempilo yonke.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-phloretin ihlotshaniswa nezinzuzo zokulwa nokuguga.Ucwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Planta Medica lubonise ukuthi i-phloretin ivimbela i-collagenase, i-enzyme ebangela ukuwohloka kwe-collagen.I-Collagen ibalulekile ekugcineni ukunwebeka kwesikhumba nokuqina.Ngokugcina i-collagen, i-phloretin ingaba nomthelela ekubukekeni kobusha futhi okunempilo (Walter et al., 2010).Lokhu okutholakele kusekela izimangalo zokumaketha ze-phloretin njengesengezo sokudla sokulwa nokuguga.
B. Imikhiqizo Yesikhumba
Izinzuzo ezingaba khona ze-Phloretin zidlulela ngale kokusetshenziswa kwayo njengesithasiselo sokudla.Isetshenziswa kabanzi emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene ye-skincare, kufaka phakathi ama-serum, okhilimu, nama-lotions.Ubufakazi besayensi obusekela indima ye-phloretin ekunakekeleni isikhumba buyaphoqa.
Enye yezindlela eziyinhloko ze-phloretin ekusebenzeni kwe-skincare yikhono layo lokulwa nokulimala kwe-oxidative.Ucwaningo olushicilelwe ku-Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: I-Biology ibonisa ukuthi i-phloretin ivikela amangqamuzana esikhumba emonakalweni obangelwa izinhlobo ze-oxygen esebenzayo, ngokuphumelelayo ukunciphisa ukuvuvukala nokuvimbela ukuguga ngaphambi kwesikhathi (Shih et al., 2009).Ngokuqeda ama-radicals mahhala, i-phloretin isiza ukugcina ibala elinempilo nelincane kakhulu.
I-phloretin ayigcini nje ngokuvikela isikhumba emonakalweni we-oxidative, kodwa futhi ibonisa izakhiwo ezikhanyisa isikhumba.Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology lwembula ukuthi i-phloretin ivimbela i-tyrosinase, i-enzyme ehilelekile ekukhiqizeni i-melanin.Ngokunciphisa i-melanin synthesis, i-phloretin ingasiza ekunciphiseni ukubukeka kwamabala amnyama kanye nethoni yesikhumba engalingani, okuholela ekukhanyeni kwebala (Nebus et al., 2011).
Ukwengeza, i-phloretin ibonise ukusebenza kahle ekuthuthukiseni izimpawu zokuguga.Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi-International Journal of Cosmetic Science lwathola ukuthi i-phloretin ivuselela ukukhiqizwa kwe-collagen futhi ivimbele i-matrix metalloproteinase, ama-enzyme anesibopho sokuwohloka kwe-collagen.Lesi senzo esikabili sikhuthaza isikhumba esiqinile ngemigqa emihle nemibimbi encishisiwe (u-Adil et al., 2017).
Ukufaka i-phloretin emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba kungase kusebenzise lezi zinzuzo ezifakazelwe ngokwesayensi, kube nomthelela esikhumbeni esinempilo, esikhanyayo, nesibukeka sisebasha.Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ucwaningo olwengeziwe lusadingeka ukuqonda ngokugcwele izindlela kanye nemiphumela yesikhathi eside ye-phloretin ekunakekeleni isikhumba.
Ungayifaka Kanjani I-Phloretin Kuhlelo Lwakho Lokunakekelwa Kwesikhumba
I-Phloretin ingafakwa ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ngezindlela ezahlukahlukene zokwandisa izinzuzo zayo esikhumbeni.Izifundo zesayensi zincoma lezi zinyathelo ezilandelayo:
Hlanza:Qala ngokuhlanza ubuso bakho usebenzisa isicoci esithambile esilungele uhlobo lwesikhumba sakho.Lokhu kusiza ukususa ukungcola, uwoyela, nokungcola, kulungiselelwa isikhumba ukuze simunce i-phloretin.
Ithoni:Ngemuva kokuhlanza, sebenzisa i-toner ukuze ulinganise amazinga e-pH esikhumba futhi uthuthukise ukwamukela kwayo izithako ezisebenzayo ezikhona ku-phloretin.Bheka i-toner engenatshwala futhi equkethe okukhishwe kwezitshalo okupholisayo.
Sebenzisa i-Phloretin Serum:Indlela engcono kakhulu yokufaka i-phloretin esimisweni sakho ukusebenzisa i-serum equkethe i-phloretin ephezulu.Lokhu kuvumela ukusetshenziswa okuqondile nokuhlosiwe esikhumbeni.Thatha amaconsi ambalwa e-serum bese uyigcoba ngobumnene ebusweni, entanyeni, nase-décolletage, uqinisekisa ukusabalaliswa okulinganayo.
Moisturize:Landela nge-moisturizer ukuze uvale izinzuzo ze-phloretin futhi unikeze ukugeleza kwamanzi okwanele esikhumbeni.Bheka okokuthambisa okungasindi, okungeyona i-comedogenic, futhi elungele uhlobo lwesikhumba sakho.
Ukuvikelwa kwelanga:Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imiphumela yokuvikela ye-phloretin emonakalweni we-UV, kubalulekile ukusebenzisa isikrini selanga esibanzi esine-SPF ephezulu.Faka isicelo ngesandla esivulekile futhi uphinde usebenzise njalo ngemva kwamahora amabili, ikakhulukazi uma ubekwe elangeni eliqondile.
Ngokulandela lezi zinyathelo, ungafaka i-phloretin ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ngempumelelo, uqinisekisa ukumuncwa okuphezulu nokusebenza ngempumelelo.Ukungaguquguquki kuyisihluthulelo, ngakho-ke qiniseka ukuthi usebenzisa imikhiqizo esekwe kwi-phloretin ngokungaguquki ukuze uthole ukuthuthuka okubonakalayo ekubukekeni nempilo yesikhumba sakho.
Imiphumela Engenzeka Engase ibe khona kanye nezinyathelo zokuqapha zokusebenzisa i-Phloretin
Nakuba i-phloretin ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile, kubalulekile ukuqaphela imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokuphepha ezidingekayo lapho uyisebenzisa ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekela isikhumba.Nakuba kungavamile, abanye abantu bangase babe nalokhu okulandelayo:
Ukuzwela Kwesikhumba:Kwezinye izimo, i-phloretin ingase ibangele ukuzwela kwesikhumba okuncane, ikakhulukazi kubantu abanesikhumba esibucayi kakhulu.Uma uhlangabezana nokubomvu, ukucasuka, noma ukungakhululeki ngemva kokufaka i-phloretin, yeka ukusebenzisa futhi uthintane nodokotela wesikhumba.
I-Alergic:Nakuba kungavamile, ukusabela okweqile ku-phloretin kungenzeka kubantu abazwelayo.Lokhu kungase kubonakale njengokuluma, ukuvuvukala, noma ukuqubuka.Kunconywa ukwenza ukuhlolwa kwe-patch ngaphambi kokufaka i-phloretin ebusweni bakho ukuze uhlole noma yikuphi ukusabela okubi.
Ukuzwela kwelanga:Uma usebenzisa i-phloretin, kubalulekile ukufaka i-sunscreen njalo, ngoba ingase ikhulise ukuzwela kwesikhumba ekukhanyeni kwelanga.I-Phloretin ivikela emonakalweni we-UV kodwa ayithathi indawo yesidingo sokuvikela ilanga okufanele.
Ukunciphisa ubungozi bemiphumela engemihle, kubalulekile ukulandela imiyalelo yomkhiqizi futhi usebenzise imikhiqizo eyenziwe nge-phloretin njengoba kunconyiwe.Uma unanoma yiziphi izimo zesikhumba ezicashile noma okukukhathazayo, kuyatuseka ukubonana nodokotela wesikhumba ngaphambi kokufaka i-phloretin ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekela isikhumba.
I-Phloretin vs. Amanye Ama-Antioxidants: Ukuhlaziywa Okuqhathanisayo
I-Phloretin ithole ukuqashelwa njenge-antioxidant enamandla, kodwa iqhathaniswa kanjani namanye ama-antioxidants avame ukutholakala emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba?Ake sihlole ukuhlaziya okuqhathanisayo:
I-Vitamin C (Ascorbic Acid):Kokubili i-phloretin ne-vitamin C ibonisa imiphumela enamandla ye-antioxidant, ivikela isikhumba emonakalweni wama-radical wamahhala.Kodwa-ke, i-phloretin ikhombisa ukuzinza okuthuthukisiwe uma iqhathaniswa ne-ascorbic acid, iyenza ingabi lula ekwakhiweni kwe-oxidation nokuwohloka.Lokhu kuqinisekisa impilo yeshalofu ende kanye nokusebenza okuthe xaxa emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba esekwe yi-phloretin.
I-Vitamin E (i-Tocopherol):Ngokufanayo ne-phloretin, i-vitamin E iyi-antioxidant enamandla esusa ama-radicals mahhala futhi ivikela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.Inhlanganisela ye-phloretin ne-vitamin E inganikeza imiphumela ye-synergistic, inikeza ukuvikelwa okunamandla okulwa ne-antioxidant kanye nokuqina okwandayo.
I-Resveratrol:I-Resveratrol, etholakala kumagilebhisi nezinye izitshalo, yaziwa ngezindawo zayo zokulwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-anti-inflammatory.Nakuba kokubili i-phloretin ne-resveratrol zinemiphumela eqhathaniswa ne-antioxidant, i-phloretin inikeza izinzuzo ezengeziwe ezifana nokukhanya kwesikhumba nokuvikelwa kwe-UV, okuyenza ibe isithako esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi ekwakhiweni kokunakekelwa kwesikhumba.
Isizinda Setiye Elihlaza:Ukukhishwa kwetiye elihlaza kucebile kuma-polyphenols, anezinto ezilwa nokuvuvukala kanye ne-antioxidant.I-Phloretin, uma ihlanganiswa ne-green tea extract, ingathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-antioxidant, inikeze ukuvikeleka okwengeziwe kuma-radicals mahhala futhi ikhuthaze isikhumba esinempilo.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ama-antioxidants ahlukene angaphelelisana, okuholela emiphumeleni ye-synergistic kanye nokuvikelwa okuthuthukisiwe ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative.Ngokufaka inhlanganisela yama-antioxidant, okuhlanganisa i-phloretin, ohlelweni lwakho lokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ungazuza esivikeloni esibanzi se-antioxidant, esilwa nezimpawu zokuguga, futhi sikhuthaze impilo yesikhumba iyonke.
Lapho Ungayithenga I-Phloretin: Umhlahlandlela Wakho Wokugcina Wokuthenga
Uma ufuna ukuthenga imikhiqizo ye-skincare esekwe ku-phloretin, nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile namathiphu okuthenga:
Ucwaningo lwemikhiqizo ehlonishwayo:Bheka amabhrendi e-skincare aziwayo aziwa ngokuzibophezela kwawo kwikhwalithi nokusetshenziswa kwezithako ezisekelwe ngokwesayensi.Yenza ucwaningo olunzulu ukuze uqinisekise ukwethembeka nesithunzi somkhiqizo phakathi kwabathandi be-skincare.
Funda Amalebula Omkhiqizo:Hlola uhlu lwezithako zemikhiqizo ye-skincare oyicabangayo ukuze uqinisekise ubukhona nokugcwala kwe-phloretin.Bheka imikhiqizo equkethe inani elikhulu le-phloretin ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenza kahle okuphezulu.
Funa Iseluleko Sochwepheshe:Uma ungaqiniseki ngokuthi imuphi umkhiqizo we-phloretin ongawukhetha, thintana nodokotela wesikhumba noma uchwepheshe we-skincare.Bangancoma imikhiqizo ethile ngokusekelwe ohlotsheni lwesikhumba sakho, okukukhathazayo, nemiphumela oyifunayo.
Funda Ukubuyekezwa Kwekhasimende:Thatha isikhathi sokufunda izibuyekezo ezivela kumakhasimende asebenzise imikhiqizo esekwe ku-phloretin.Lezi zibuyekezo zinganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile ekusebenzeni, ukufaneleka, kanye nolwazi oluphelele ngomkhiqizo.
Ukuthenga Kubathengisi Abagunyaziwe:Ukuze uqinisekise ubuqiniso nekhwalithi yemikhiqizo ye-phloretin, thenga ngokuqondile kubathengisi abagunyaziwe noma iwebhusayithi esemthethweni yomkhiqizo.Gwema ukuthenga emithonjeni engagunyaziwe ukuze unciphise ubungozi bemikhiqizo yomgunyathi noma ehlanjululwe.
Ngokulandela lawa macebiso, ungazulazula ngenqubo yokuthenga futhi uthole imithombo ethembekile yemikhiqizo ye-skincare esekelwe ku-phloretin yekhwalithi ephezulu, uqinisekisa ukuthi uthola imikhiqizo yangempela eletha izinzuzo ozifisayo esikhumbeni sakho.
I-Phloretin Powder Manufacturer-Bioway Organic, Kusukela ngo-2009
I-Bioway Organic yaziwa ngobungcweti namava ayo ekukhiqizeni i-phloretin powder yekhwalithi ephezulu.
I-Phloretin powder iyisithako esibalulekile esisetshenziswa ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izithasiselo zokudla kanye nemikhiqizo ye-skincare.Njengomkhiqizi onedumela elihle, i-Bioway Organic iqinisekisa ukuthi impushana yabo ye-phloretin ikhiqizwa kusetshenziswa izinqubo zokukhiqiza eziseqophelweni eliphezulu futhi ithobela izindinganiso eziqinile zokulawula ikhwalithi.
Ukuzibophezela kwe-Bioway Organic ezindleleni zokukhiqiza kuyenza ibe umthombo onokwethenjelwa kumakhasimende afuna izithako zemvelo nezilungele imvelo.Ngokubeka phambili imikhuba ye-organic, balwela ukuletha i-phloretin powder engenawo amakhemikhali ayingozi nezibulala-zinambuzane, iqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka nokuphepha kwemikhiqizo yabo.
Ngesipiliyoni seminyaka engaphezu kweshumi, i-Bioway Organic isizisungule njengomphakeli othembekile embonini.Ukugxila kwabo okuqhubekayo ocwaningweni nasekuthuthukisweni kubenza bakwazi ukuhlala behamba phambili ekukhiqizeni i-phloretin powder, banikeze izixazululo ezintsha zokuhlangabezana nezidingo eziguqukayo zamakhasimende abo.
Kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ungumkhiqizi wezithako zokudla noma uhlobo lomkhiqizo we-skincare, ubambisene ne-Bioway Organic njengoba umkhiqizi wakho wempushana we-phloretin angakunikeza isiqiniseko semikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu, esekelwe iminyaka yayo yobungcweti nokuzinikela ekwanelisekeni kwamakhasimende.
Xhumana nathi:
U-Grace HU (Umphathi Wezokukhangisa):grace@biowaycn.com
UCarl Cheng (Umphathi Omkhulu/Umphathi):ceo@biowaycn.com
Iwebhusayithi:www.biowaynutrition.com
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Nov-20-2023
