Izindaba - Yeka I-Antioxidant Yemvelo—Isicaphuno Seqabunga Le-Ginkgo!

I. Isingeniso

Isingeniso

Yiziphi izinzuzo zezempilo ze-ginkgo biloba extract powder (2)

I-Ginkgo leaf extractkuyinto yemvelo esebenzayo ekhishwe emaqabunga e-ginkgo. Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko ama-flavonoids nama-ginkgo lactones. I-PAF ethile (i-platelet-activating factor, platelet-activating factor) i-receptor antagonist. Imisebenzi yayo ye-pharmacological ihlanganisa: ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwe-cerebral kanye ne-cell metabolism; ukwandisa umsebenzi we-red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) kanye ne-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), kanye nokunciphisa ulwelwesi lwamaseli e-peroxidized lipids (MDA). ukukhiqizwa, ukukhipha ama-radicals mahhala, ukuvimbela ukulimala kwe-cardiomyocytes namaseli e-vascular endothelial; ngokukhetha ngokumelene nokuhlangana kweplatelet, i-micro thrombosis, kanye nokuphazamiseka kwe-lipid metabolism okubangelwa i-platelet PAF; thuthukisa ukujikeleza kwe-coronary yenhliziyo futhi uvikele i-ischemic myocardium; Ukwandisa ukukhubazeka kwamangqamuzana egazi abomvu, ukunciphisa i-viscosity yegazi, futhi kuqede ukuphazamiseka kwe-microcirculatory; vimbela ukwakheka kwe-thromboxane (TXA2) futhi ukhuthaze ukukhululwa kwe-prostaglandin PGI2 kumaseli e-vascular endothelial.

Umthombo Wezitshalo

I-Ginkgo biloba iqabunga le-Ginkgo biloba L., isitshalo somndeni wakwaGinkgo. I-extract yayo (EGB) inemisebenzi eyahlukene yokunakekelwa kwezempilo futhi isetshenziswa kakhulu ekudleni nasezimonyoni. Ukwakhiwa kwamakhemikhali amaqabunga e-Ginkgo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezinhlanganisela ezingaphezu kuka-140 ezihlukanisiwe nazo. I-Flavonoids kanye ne-terpene lactones yizithako ezimbili eziyinhloko ezisebenzayo zamaqabunga e-Ginkgo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe i-polyprenol, i-organic acid, i-polysaccharides, ama-amino acid, i-phenols, kanye nezakhi zokulandelela. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-ginkgo elisezingeni lomhlaba jikelele lamanje yi-EGb761 ekhiqizwa ngokuya ngenqubo enegunya lobunikazi ye-Schwabe yaseJalimane. Ibonakala njengempushana ensundu ngokuphuzi futhi inephunga elincane leqabunga le-ginkgo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kungu-24% we-flavonoids, u-6% we-terpene lactones, ngaphansi kuka-0.0005% we-ginkgo acid, u-7.0% we-proanthocyanidins, u-13.0% wama-carboxylic acid, u-2.0% wamacatechin, u-20% we-non-flavonoid glycosides, kanye nama-polymer compounds angu-4.0. %, inorganic matter 5.0%, umswakama solvent 3.0%, abanye 3.0%.

Izimpawu Nezinqubo Ze-Antioxidant

I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingaqeda ngokuqondile i-lipid free radicals, i-lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, njll., futhi inqamule iketango lamahhala lokusabela kwe-radical chain. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingaphinde ilawule futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi wama-enzyme e-antioxidant njenge-superoxide dismutase ne-glutathione peroxidase. Umphumela we-antioxidant we-flavonoid ku-EGB udlula owamavithamini, futhi unezinto ezilwa nokuhlasela kwe-radical mahhala ku-vitro.

Imiphumela ye-antioxidant ye-ginkgo extracts ekhishwe ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile, futhi imiphumela ye-antioxidant ye-extracts eluhlaza kanye nemikhiqizo ecolisisiwe nayo ihlukile. UMa Xihan et al. ithole ukuthi i-petroleum ether-ethanol extract inomphumela onamandla we-antioxidant emafutheni e-rapeseed uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Ginkgo leaf extracts etholwe ngezindlela ezahlukene zokulungiselela. Umthamo we-antioxidant weqabunga le-Ginkgo elingahluziwe ubuphakeme kancane kunalowo we-extract ecolisisiwe. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa yokungahluziwe I-extract iqukethe ezinye izithako ze-antioxidant, ezifana ne-organic acid, ama-amino acid, ama-tannins, ama-alkaloids, nezinye izinto ezinemiphumela ye-synergistic.

Indlela Yokulungiselela

(1) Indlela yokukhipha i-solvent ye-Organic Njengamanje, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya naphesheya iyindlela yokukhipha i-solvent ephilayo. Njengoba ezinye izinyibilikisi eziphilayo zinobuthi noma ziguquguquka, i-ethanol ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokukhipha. Ukuhlolwa kukaZhang Yonghong nabanye kubonise ukuthi izimo ezingcono kakhulu zokukhipha ama-flavonoid emaqabunga e-ginkgo ama-70% e-ethanol njengesixazululo sokukhipha, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha lingu-90°C, isilinganiso soketshezi oluqinile ngu-1:20, inani le-extracts ngu-3. izikhathi, futhi isikhathi ngasinye refluxes amahora 1.5.

(2) Indlela yokukhipha ama-enzyme u-Wang Hui et al. Ukuhlola kubonise ukuthi isivuno sama-flavonoid esiphelele sande kakhulu ngemva kokuba izinto zokusetshenziswa zeqabunga le-ginkgo zifakwe ngaphambili nge-cellulase futhi zikhishwe, futhi isivuno singafinyelela ku-2.01%.

(3) Indlela yokukhipha i-Ultrasonic Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic amaqabunga e-ginkgo, i-membrane yeseli iphukile, futhi ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiya zamaqabunga kuye kwasheshisa, okukhuthaza ukuqedwa kwezithako ezisebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, isizinda se-ultrasonic se-flavonoids sinezinzuzo ezinhle. Imiphumela yokuhlolwa etholwe ngu-Liu Jingzhi et al. bonisa ukuthi izimo zenqubo yokukhipha i-ultrasonic yilezi: imvamisa ye-ultrasonic 40kHz, isikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic 55min, izinga lokushisa elingu-35°C, nokuma amahora angu-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokukhishwa lingama-81.9%.

Isicelo

Ama-flavonoid emaqabungeni e-Ginkgo anezindawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant futhi angengezwa kumafutha kanye namakhekhe njengama-antioxidants. Ama-flavonoid aphelele aphuzi futhi anonyibilika okubanzi, kokubili ancibilika emanzini futhi ancibilika emafutheni, ngakho ingqikithi yama-flavonoid ingasetshenziselwa ukufaka imibala. umphumela we-ejenti. I-Ginkgo biloba igaywa ibe yimpuphu ye-ultrafine futhi yengezwe ekudleni. Amaqabunga e-Ginkgo agaywe kahle kakhulu futhi engezwa kumakhekhe, amabhisikidi, ama-noodle, amaswidi, no-ayisikhilimu ngenani lika-5% kuya ku-10% ukuze acutshungulwe abe ukudla kwamaqabunga e-ginkgo okunemiphumela yokunakekelwa kwezempilo.
I-Ginkgo leaf extract isetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla e-Canada futhi ivunyelwe njengomuthi othengwayo eJalimane naseFrance. Iqabunga le-Ginkgo lifakwe e-United States Pharmacopoeia (uhlelo lwama-24) futhi lingasetshenziswa njengesengezo sokudla e-United States.

I-Pharmacological Effects

1. Umphumela ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
(1) Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungavimbela umsebenzi we-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ku-serum yomuntu evamile, ngaleyo ndlela kuvimbele ukufinyela kwama-arterioles, ukunwebeka kwemithambo yegazi, nokwandisa ukugeleza kwegazi.
(2) Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungavimbela ukwehla kwe-myocardial kumagundane abesilisa okubangelwa umjovo we-intravenous we-bupivacaine, kuvimbele ukufinyela kwe-coronary artery kubantu nasezingulubeni okubangelwa i-hypoxia, futhi kuqede i-PAF (i-platelet-activating factor) ebangela i-arrhythmia ezinjeni. Ingavimbela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukungezwani nenhliziyo ezingulubeni ezingazodwa.
(3) Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungandisa kakhulu imithambo yegazi yobuchopho yamakati nezinja ezilaliswa izinzwa, kwandise ukugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho, futhi kunciphise ukumelana nemithambo yobuchopho. Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungavimbela ukwanda kobubanzi be-mesenteric microvascular okubangelwa i-endotoxin ye-intravenous. Kumodeli ye-canine endotoxin, ukukhishwa kwe-Ginkgo biloba kuvimbela izinguquko ze-hemodynamic; kumodeli yamaphaphu ezimvu, i-Ginkgo biloba extract ivimbela umfutho wegazi ophezulu kanye ne-pulmonary edema ebangelwa ukuphazamiseka kwe-lymphatic flow okubangelwa i-endotoxin.
(4) Amagundane afakwe ngaphakathi kwe-intraperitoneally nge-5ml / kg ye-ginkgo leaf flavonoids nsuku zonke. Ngemuva kwezinsuku ezingama-40, okuqukethwe kwe-serum triglyceride kwehle kakhulu. I-Ginkgo biloba extract (20 mg/kg ngosuku) yayinikezwa onogwaja abathola ukudla okuvamile kanye ne-hypercholesterolemic. Ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa, amazinga e-cholesterol e-hyper-esterified ku-plasma kanye ne-aorta yonogwaja abathola ukudla kwe-atherogenic ancipha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, amazinga e-cholesterol amahhala ahlala engashintshile.
(5) I-Ginkgo terpene lactone iyisivimbeli se-PAF esikhethekile. I-Ginkgo leaf extract noma i-ginkgo terpene lactone ingavimbela i-platelet-activating factor (PAF) kanye ne-cyclooxygenase noma i-lipoxygenase. Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kuye kwabekezelelwa kahle futhi kwaphikiswa ukuhlanganiswa kweplatelet okubangelwa i-PAF kodwa akuzange kuthinte ukuhlanganisa okubangelwa i-ADP.

2. Umphumela ohlelweni lwezinzwa olumaphakathi
(1) Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kuthinta isimiso se-endocrine kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwamasosha omzimba kanye nesimiso sezinzwa esiyinhloko ngokuvimbela isenzo se-PAF. Ingakhuthaza ukujikeleza kobuchopho imetabolism futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenkumbulo.
(2) I-Ginkgo terpene lactones inemiphumela yokucindezeleka, futhi imiphumela yabo yokucindezeleka ihlobene nesimiso sezinzwa esimaphakathi se-monoaminergic.
(3) Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo yohlobo lokushoda okubangelwa i-NaNO2, umphumela wayo wokulwa ne-hypoxic ungase uhlotshaniswe nokwanda kwawo kokugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwamandla obuchopho ngesikhathi se-hypoxia.
(4) Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kuthuthukisa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kobuchopho kwama-gerbils okubangelwa ukuxhunyaniswa nokuphindaphinda kwemithambo yomibili ye-carotid futhi kuvimbele ukulimala kobuchopho kuma-gerbils okubangelwa ischemia nokuminyana; ithuthukisa umsebenzi wezinja ngemva kwe-multi-focal brain ischemia Ukululama kusenesikhathi kwe-neuronal kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kwe-neuronal kulandela ischemia ku-hippocampus yobuchopho be-gerbil; kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-ATP, i-AMP, i-creatine kanye ne-creatine phosphate ebuchosheni be-ischemic benja ye-mongrel. I-Ginkgo biloba lactone B iwusizo ekwelapheni isifo sohlangothi.

3. Umphumela ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla
(1) Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungathuthukisa kakhulu izilonda zesisu namathumbu kumagundane abangelwa i-PAF ne-endotoxin, futhi kungavimbela kancane ukulimala kwesisu okubangelwa i-ethanol.
(2) Emagundaneni ane-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa i-bile duct ligation, umjovo we-intravenous we-ginkgo leaf extract wehlise kakhulu umfutho we-hepatic portal venous, inkomba yenhliziyo, ukugeleza kwegazi kwamagatsha e-portal vein, kanye nokubekezelelana kwe-systemic kwemithambo okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-ginkgo kunomphumela ongaba khona wokwelapha ku-cirrhosis yesibindi. Ingavimba ukwakheka kwama-radicals angenawo umoya-mpilo ku-mouse acute pancreatitis ebangelwa i-cholecystokinin. I-Ginkgo terpene lactone B ingaba neqhaza ekwelapheni i-pancreatitis eyingozi.

4. Umphumela ohlelweni lokuphefumula
(1) Ukukhishwa kwe-ethanol ye-Ginkgo biloba kunomthelela ophumuzayo oqondile kumsipha oshelelayo woqhoqhoqho futhi kungadambisa imiphumela ebuhlungu ye-histamine phosphate ne-acetylcholine kuqhoqhoqho ongasodwa we-Guinea pigs, futhi kuvimbele ukuhlasela kwesifuba somoya okubangelwa i-histamine ezingulubeni.
(2) Umjovo we-intravenous we-Ginkgo leaf extract ungavimbela i-bronchoconstriction kanye ne-hyperresponsiveness yamagundane okubangelwa i-PAF ne-ovalbumin, futhi uvimbele i-bronchoconstriction ebangelwa ama-antigens, kodwa akuphazamisi ukusabela kwe-bronchial okubangelwa i-indomethacin.
(3) Ukuhogela i-aerosolized leaf leaf le-Ginkgo akuvimbeli nje kuphela i-bronchoconstriction kodwa futhi kuvimbela ukuncipha kwamangqamuzana amhlophe egazi nama-eosinophil okubangelwa i-PAF. I-Ginkgo leaf extract ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni i-hyperresponsiveness ye-bronchial.

5. Umphumela wokuguga
I-Ginkgobiflavonoids, isoginkgobiflavonoids, i-ginkgo biloba, ne-quercetin ku-ginkgo ishiya konke kuvimbela i-lipid peroxidation, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-quercetin inomsebenzi onamandla ovimbelayo. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwa kumagundane futhi kwatholakala ukuthi i-flavonoid yeqabunga le-ginkgo elikhishwe ngamanzi (0.95mg/ml) linganciphisa kakhulu i-lipid peroxidation, futhi i-acid-extracted ginkgo leaf total flavonoids (1.9mg/ml) ingakhuphula i-serum yethusi ne-zinc SOD. umsebenzi futhi unciphise Umphumela we-viscosity yegazi ngenkathi unciphisa umsebenzi we-SGPT.

7. Iqhaza ekunqatshweni kokufakelwa kanye nokunye ukusabela kokuzivikela komzimba
Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungandisa isikhathi sokusinda sokuxhunyelelwa kwesikhumba, i-heterotopic heart xenografts, kanye ne-orthotopic yesibindi xenografts. Ukukhishwa kweqabunga le-Ginkgo kungavimbela umsebenzi weseli elibulalayo lemvelo lomzimba ngokumelene namaseli ahlosiwe we-KC526, futhi kungavimbela umsebenzi weseli lombulali wemvelo obangelwa i-interferon.

8. Umphumela wokulwa nesimila
I-extract crude yamaqabunga aluhlaza e-Ginkgo biloba, ingxenye encibilikayo ngamafutha, ingavimbela igciwane le-Epstein-Barr. I-Heptadecene salicylic acid ne-bilo-betin inomsebenzi oqinile wokuvimbela; ingqikithi ye-flavonoid ye-Ginkgo ingakhuphula isisindo se-thymus samagundane aphethe isimila. kanye namazinga omsebenzi we-SOD, ehlanganisa ikhono lomzimba elingokwemvelo lokulwa nesimila; I-quercetin ne-myricetin ingavimbela ukuvela kwama-carcinogens.

Amanothi kanye Contraindications

Ukusabela okungalungile kwe-Ginkgo leaf extract: Ngezinye izikhathi ukungakhululeki kwamathumbu, njenge-anorexia, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, indle exekethile, ukuphazamiseka kwesisu, njll.; kungase futhi kukhuphuke izinga lokushaya kwenhliziyo, ukukhathala, njll., kodwa lokhu akuthinti ukwelashwa. Ngemuva kokuphathwa komlomo isikhathi eside, izinkomba ezifanele ze-rheology yegazi kufanele zibuyekezwe njalo. Uma unezimpawu zesisu, ungaphuza ngemva kokudla esikhundleni salokho.

Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa

Lo mkhiqizo unomphumela we-synergistic uma usetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nezinye izidakamizwa zokwehlisa i-viscosity-blood, njenge-sodium alginate diester, i-acetate, njll., engathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.

I-Development Trend

Amaqabunga e-Ginkgo aqukethe inani elincane lama-proanthocyanidin nama-urushiolic acid, asesenobuthi emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho i-ginkgo ishiya njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokucubungula ukudla, ukwelashwa okukhethekile kuyadingeka ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwe-proanthocyanidin nama-urushiolic acid. Kodwa-ke, phakathi kwebanga lethamo elisetshenziswa njengamanje, abukho ubuthi obuyingozi noma obungapheli futhi ayikho imiphumela ye-teratogenic. UMnyango Wezempilo wagunyaza ukukhishwa kwe-Ginkgo biloba njengesithako esisha sokudla ngo-1992. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, i-Ginkgo biloba ingqikithi ye-flavonoid isetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yokudla, futhi ucwaningo nokuthuthukiswa kwe-Ginkgo biloba kunamathemba abanzi.