I. Isingeniso
Isingeniso
I-Ginkgo leaf extractiyisithako esisebenzayo semvelo esikhishwe emaqabunga e-ginkgo. Izingxenye zayo eziyinhloko yi-flavonoids kanye ne-ginkgo lactones. Ingumphikisi we-receptor we-PAF othize (i-platelet-activating factor, i-platelet-activating factor) . Imisebenzi yayo yezokwelapha ifaka: ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kobuchopho kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism yamaseli; ukwandisa umsebenzi we-red blood cell superoxide dismutase (SOD) kanye ne-glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px), kanye nokunciphisa ama-lipids e-peroxidized lipids (MDA) e-membrane yeseli. ukukhiqizwa, ukususa ama-free radicals, ukuvimbela umonakalo kuma-cardiomyocytes kanye namaseli e-vascular endothelial; ukuvimbela ngokukhethekile ukuhlanganiswa kwama-platelet, i-micro thrombosis, kanye nezinkinga ze-lipid metabolism ezibangelwa yi-platelet PAF; ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza kwenhliziyo kwenhliziyo nokuvikela i-ischemic myocardium; Ukwandisa ukukhubazeka kwamaseli abomvu egazi, ukunciphisa i-viscosity yegazi, nokuqeda izinkinga ze-microcirculatory; kuvimbela ukwakheka kwe-thromboxane (TXA2) nokukhuthaza ukukhishwa kwe-prostaglandin PGI2 kumaseli e-vascular endothelial.
Umthombo Wezitshalo
I-Ginkgo biloba iyiqabunga le-Ginkgo biloba L., isitshalo somndeni wakwa-Ginkgo. I-extract yayo (EGB) inemisebenzi eyahlukahlukene yokunakekelwa kwempilo futhi isetshenziswa kabanzi ekudleni nasezimonyweni. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kwamaqabunga e-Ginkgo kuyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, kunezakhi ezingaphezu kuka-140 ezihlukanisiwe kuyo. Ama-Flavonoid nama-terpene lactones yizithako ezimbili ezisebenzayo eziyinhloko zamaqabunga e-Ginkgo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, iqukethe ne-polyprenol, ama-organic acid, ama-polysaccharides, ama-amino acid, ama-phenols, kanye nezinto zokulandelela. Ngokwezibalo ezingaphelele, i-extract yamanje yamazwe ngamazwe yeqabunga le-ginkgo ejwayelekile yi-EGb761 ekhiqizwa ngokwenqubo enelungelo lobunikazi yaseJalimane i-Schwabe. Ibonakala njengempuphu ensundu-ephuzi futhi inephunga elincane leqabunga le-ginkgo. Ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali kungama-24% ama-flavonoid, ama-terpene lactones angu-6%, ama-ginkgo acid angaphansi kuka-0.0005%, ama-proanthocyanidins angu-7.0%, ama-carboxylic acid angu-13.0%, ama-catechins angu-2.0%, ama-glycosides angewona ama-flavonoid, kanye nama-polymer compounds angu-4.0. %, izinto ezingaphili 5.0%, i-moisture solvent engu-3.0%, ezinye ezingu-3.0%.
Izici kanye Nendlela Yokulwa Ne-Antioxidant
I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingasusa ngqo ama-lipid free radicals, ama-lipid peroxidation free radicals alkane free radicals, njll., futhi iqede uchungechunge lokusabela kwama-free radical chain. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ingalawula futhi ithuthukise umsebenzi wama-enzyme e-antioxidant njenge-superoxide dismutase kanye ne-glutathione peroxidase. Umphumela we-antioxidant wama-flavonoid ku-EGB udlula owamavithamini, futhi unezakhiwo zokuhlasela zama-anti-free radical in vitro.
Imiphumela ye-antioxidant ye-ginkgo extracts ekhishwe ngezindlela ezahlukene ihlukile, kanti imiphumela ye-antioxidant ye-crude extracts kanye nemikhiqizo ehlungiwe nayo ihlukile. UMa Xihan nabanye bathole ukuthi i-petroleum ether-ethanol extract yayinomphumela onamandla kakhulu we-antioxidant ku-oyili we-rapeseed uma kuqhathaniswa ne-Ginkgo leaf extracts etholakala ngezindlela ezahlukene zokulungiselela. Amandla e-antioxidant e-crude Ginkgo leaf extract ayephakeme kancane kunowe-cured extract. Lokhu kungase kube ngenxa ye-crude. I-extract iqukethe ezinye izithako ze-antioxidant, njenge-organic acid, ama-amino acid, ama-tannins, ama-alkaloid, nezinye izinto ezinemiphumela yokusebenzisana.
Indlela Yokulungiselela
(1) Indlela yokukhipha i-organic solvent Njengamanje, indlela esetshenziswa kakhulu ekhaya nakwamanye amazwe yindlela yokukhipha i-organic solvent. Njengoba ezinye i-organic solvents zinobuthi noma zishintshashintsha, i-ethanol ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-ejenti yokukhipha. Ukuhlolwa kukaZhang Yonghong nabanye kubonise ukuthi izimo ezinhle kakhulu zokukhipha ama-flavonoid emaqabunga e-ginkgo yi-ethanol engu-70% njengesixazululo sokukhipha, izinga lokushisa lokukhipha lingu-90°C, isilinganiso se-solid-liquid singu-1:20, inani lokukhipha liphindwe kathathu, futhi isikhathi ngasinye sibuyela emuva amahora angu-1.5.
(2) Indlela yokukhipha ama-enzyme Ukuhlolwa kukaWang Hui nabanye kubonise ukuthi isivuno sama-flavonoid aphelele sanda kakhulu ngemuva kokuthi izinto zokusetshenziswa zamaqabunga e-ginkgo ziphathwe nge-cellulase futhi zakhishwa, futhi isivuno singafinyelela ku-2.01%.
(3) Indlela yokukhipha i-Ultrasonic Ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-ultrasound kwamaqabunga e-ginkgo, ulwelwesi lweseli luphukile, futhi ukunyakaza kwezinhlayiya zamaqabunga kusheshisiwe, okukhuthaza ukuncibilika kwezithako ezisebenzayo. Ngakho-ke, ukukhishwa kwe-ultrasonic kwama-flavonoid kunezinzuzo ezinkulu. Imiphumela yokuhlola etholwe nguLiu Jingzhi nabanye ikhombisa ukuthi izimo zenqubo yokukhipha i-ultrasonic yilezi: imvamisa ye-ultrasonic engu-40kHz, isikhathi sokwelashwa kwe-ultrasonic esingu-55min, izinga lokushisa elingu-35°C, kanye nokuma amahora ama-3. Ngalesi sikhathi, izinga lokukhipha lingu-81.9%.
Isicelo
Ama-flavonoid asemaqabungeni e-Ginkgo anezakhiwo zokulwa ne-antioxidant futhi angafakwa emafutheni nasema-pastry njengama-antioxidants. Ama-flavonoid aphelele aphuzi kakhulu futhi anokuncibilika okubanzi, kokubili okuncibilika emanzini kanye nokuncibilika emafutheni, ngakho-ke ama-flavonoid aphelele angasetshenziswa njengomphumela we-agent. I-Ginkgo biloba icutshungulwa ibe yimpuphu e-ultrafine bese ifakwa ekudleni. Amaqabunga e-Ginkgo acoliwe kahle kakhulu futhi afakwe kumakhekhe, amabhisikidi, ama-noodle, amaswidi, kanye ne-ayisikhilimu ngesilinganiso esingu-5% kuya ku-10% ukuze acutshungulwe abe ukudla kwamaqabunga e-ginkgo okunemiphumela yokunakekelwa kwempilo.
I-Ginkgo leaf extract isetshenziswa njengesithako sokudla eCanada futhi ivunyelwe njengomuthi ongathengiswa ngaphandle kwemithi eJalimane naseFrance. I-Ginkgo leaf ifakiwe ku-United States Pharmacopoeia (uhlelo lwama-24) futhi ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sokudla e-United States.
Imiphumela Yezokwelapha
1. Umphumela ohlelweni lwenhliziyo nemithambo yegazi
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingavimbela umsebenzi we-angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) ku-serum evamile yomuntu, ngaleyo ndlela ivimbele ukufinyela kwama-arterioles, ikhulise imithambo yegazi, futhi ikhulise ukugeleza kwegazi.
(2) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingavimbela ukwehla kwe-myocardial kumagundane amaduna okubangelwa ukujova nge-bupivacaine ngemithambo yegazi, ivimbele ukufinyela kwemithambo yegazi kubantu nasezingulubeni okubangelwa ukuntuleka kwe-hypoxia, futhi isuse i-PAF (i-platelet-activating factor) ebangela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo ezinjeni. Ingavimbela ukungasebenzi kahle kwenhliziyo okubangelwa ukungezwani komzimba nenhliziyo ezingulubeni ezihlukene.
(3) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingandisa kakhulu imithambo yegazi yobuchopho yamakati nezinja ezidakiwe, yandise ukugeleza kwegazi lobuchopho, futhi inciphise ukumelana kwemithambo yegazi yobuchopho. I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingavimbela ukwanda kobubanzi be-mesenteric microvascular obubangelwa yi-endotoxin emithanjeni. Kumodeli ye-endotoxin yenja, i-Ginkgo biloba extract ivimbela izinguquko ze-hemodynamic; kumodeli yamaphaphu ezimvu, i-Ginkgo biloba extract ivimbela umfutho wegazi ophakeme kanye nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu okubangelwa ukuphazamiseka kokugeleza kwe-lymphatic okubangelwa yi-endotoxin.
(4) Amagundane ajovwa nge-5ml/kg ye-ginkgo leaf flavonoids nsuku zonke ngaphakathi kwesisu. Ngemva kwezinsuku ezingu-40, okuqukethwe kwe-triglyceride egazini kwancipha kakhulu. I-Ginkgo biloba extract (20 mg/kg ngosuku) yanikezwa ngomlomo onogwaja abathola ukudla okuvamile nokune-cholesterol eningi. Ngemva kwenyanga eyodwa, amazinga e-cholesterol eningi e-plasma kanye ne-aorta yonogwaja abathola ukudla okune-atherogenic ancipha kakhulu. Kodwa-ke amazinga e-cholesterol yamahhala ahlala engashintshi.
(5) I-Ginkgo terpene lactone iyi-blocker ekhethekile kakhulu ye-PAF receptor. I-Ginkgo leaf extract noma i-ginkgo terpene lactone ingavimbela i-platelet-activating factor (PAF) kanye ne-cyclooxygenase noma i-lipoxygenase. I-Ginkgo leaf extract yayibekezelelwe kahle futhi yabangela ukuhlangana kwama-platelet okubangelwa yi-PAF kodwa ayizange ithinte ukuhlangana okubangelwa yi-ADP.
2. Umphumela ohlelweni lwezinzwa oluphakathi
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ithinta uhlelo lwe-endocrine kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kohlelo lokuzivikela komzimba kanye nohlelo lwezinzwa oluphakathi ngokuvimbela isenzo se-PAF. Ingakhuthaza ukusebenza kwe-metabolism yokujikeleza kobuchopho futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwenkumbulo.
(2) Ama-lactone e-Ginkgo terpene anemiphumela yokucindezeleka, futhi imiphumela yawo yokucindezeleka ihlobene nesistimu yezinzwa ephakathi ye-monoaminergic.
(3) Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi i-Ginkgo leaf extract ingathuthukisa kakhulu ukukhubazeka kwenkumbulo yohlobo lokushoda okubangelwa yi-NaNO2, umphumela wayo wokulwa ne-hypoxic ungase uhlobane nokwanda kwayo ekugelezeni kwegazi lobuchopho kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwe-metabolism yamandla obuchopho ngesikhathi se-hypoxia.
(4) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ithuthukisa kakhulu ukuphazamiseka kokuziphatha kobuchopho kwama-gerbils okubangelwa ukubopha kanye nokujikeleza kwegazi kwemithambo ye-carotid futhi ivimbela ukulimala kobuchopho kuma-gerbils okubangelwa i-ischemia kanye nokuminyana; ithuthukisa ukusebenza kwezinja ngemuva kwe-ischemia yobuchopho obune-focal Ukululama kusenesikhathi kwe-neuronal kanye nokunciphisa ukulimala kwe-neuronal ngemuva kwe-ischemia ku-hippocampus yobuchopho be-gerbil; kunciphisa kakhulu ukulahleka kwe-ATP, AMP, creatine kanye ne-creatine phosphate ebuchosheni be-ischemic benja ye-mongrel. I-Ginkgo biloba lactone B iwusizo ekwelapheni isifo sohlangothi.
3. Umphumela ohlelweni lokugaya ukudla
(1) I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingathuthukisa kakhulu izilonda zesisu nezamathumbu emagundwini ezibangelwa yi-PAF kanye ne-endotoxin, futhi ingavimbela kancane umonakalo wesisu obangelwa yi-ethanol.
(2) Emagundwini ane-cirrhosis yesibindi ebangelwa ukubopha kwe-bile duct, ukujova nge-intravenous kwe-ginkgo leaf extract kunciphisa kakhulu ukucindezeleka kwe-hepatic portal venous, i-cardiac index, ukuhamba kwegazi kwamagatsha e-portal vein, kanye nokubekezelelana kwemithambo yegazi okuthuthukisiwe uma kuqhathaniswa ne-placebo. Lokhu kukhombisa ukuthi i-ginkgo leaf extract inomphumela ongaba khona wokwelapha i-cirrhosis yesibindi. Ingavimba ukwakheka kwama-radical angenayo i-oxygen ku-pancreatitis ebukhali yegundane ebangelwa yi-cholecystokinin. I-Ginkgo terpene lactone B ingaba nendima ekwelapheni i-pancreatitis ebukhali.
4. Umphumela ohlelweni lokuphefumula
(1) I-ethanol extract ye-Ginkgo biloba inomphumela oqondile wokuphumula emisipheni ebushelelezi ye-tracheal futhi inganciphisa imiphumela yokuqhekeka kwe-histamine phosphate kanye ne-acetylcholine ku-trachea ehlukanisiwe yezingulube ze-guinea, futhi ivimbele ukuhlaselwa yi-asthma okubangelwa yi-histamine ezingulubeni ze-guinea.
(2) Ukujova nge-intravenous kwe-Ginkgo leaf extract kungavimbela ukuminyana kwe-broncho kanye nokusabela ngokweqile kwamagundane okubangelwa yi-PAF kanye ne-ovalbumin, futhi kuvimbele ukuminyana kwe-broncho okubangelwa ama-antigen, kodwa akuthinti ukuminyana kwe-bronchial okubangelwa yi-indomethacin.
(3) Ukuhogela i-Ginkgo leaf extract efakwe i-aerosol akugcini nje ngokuvimbela ukuminyana kwe-broncho kodwa futhi kuvimbela nokuncipha kwamaseli amhlophe egazi nama-eosinophil abangelwa yi-PAF. I-Ginkgo leaf extract ibaluleke kakhulu ekuvimbeleni nasekwelapheni ukusabela ngokweqile kwe-bronchial.
5. Umphumela wokulwa nokuguga
Ama-ginkgobiflavonoid, ama-isoginkgobiflavonoid, i-ginkgo biloba, kanye ne-quercetin emaqabungeni e-ginkgo konke kuvimbela i-lipid peroxidation, ikakhulukazi njengoba i-quercetin inomsebenzi oqinile wokuvimbela. Ukuhlolwa kwenziwe kumagundane futhi kwatholakala ukuthi ama-flavonoid e-ginkgo leaf total (0.95mg/ml) akhishwe ngamanzi anganciphisa kakhulu i-lipid peroxidation, kanti ama-flavonoid e-ginkgo leaf total (1.9mg/ml) angandisa umsebenzi we-serum copper kanye ne-zinc SOD futhi anciphise umphumela we-viscosity yegazi ngenkathi kunciphisa umsebenzi we-SGPT.
7. Indima ekwenqatshweni kokufakelwa kanye nezinye izindlela zokuzivikela komzimba
I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingandisa isikhathi sokusinda kwe-skin grafts, i-heterotopic heart xenografts, kanye ne-orthotopic liver xenografts. I-Ginkgo leaf extract ingavimbela umsebenzi we-natural killer cell womzimba ngokumelene namaseli aqondiwe e-KC526, futhi ingavimbela nomsebenzi we-natural killer cell obangelwa yi-interferon.
8. Umphumela wokulwa nomdlavuza
Ukukhishwa okungavuthiwe kwamaqabunga aluhlaza e-Ginkgo biloba, ingxenye encibilikayo emafutheni, kungavimbela igciwane le-Epstein-Barr. I-Heptadecene salicylic acid kanye ne-bilo-betin kunomsebenzi oqinile wokuvimbela; ama-flavonoid aphelele e-Ginkgo angandisa isisindo se-thymus samagundane aphethe isimila. kanye namazinga omsebenzi we-SOD, okuhlanganisa ikhono lomzimba lokulwa nesimila; i-quercetin kanye ne-myricetin kungavimbela ukwenzeka kwe-carcinogens.
Amanothi kanye Nezimo Zokuphikisana
Ukusabela okubi kwe-Ginkgo leaf extract: Ngezinye izikhathi ukungakhululeki kwesisu, njenge-anorexia, isicanucanu, ukuqunjelwa, indle ekhululekile, ukukhukhumala kwesisu, njll.; kungase kube nokwanda kwenhliziyo, ukukhathala, njll., kodwa lokhu akuthinti ukwelashwa. Ngemva kokuphathwa ngomlomo isikhathi eside, izinkomba ezifanele ze-rheology yegazi kufanele zibuyekezwe njalo. Uma unezimpawu zesisu, ungayithatha ngemva kokudla esikhundleni salokho.
Ukusebenzisana Kwezidakamizwa
Lo mkhiqizo unomphumela wokubambisana uma usetshenziswa kanye nezinye izidakamizwa ezinciphisa ukujiya kwegazi, njenge-sodium alginate diester, i-acetate, njll., okungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle.
Ithrendi Yentuthuko
Amaqabunga e-Ginkgo aqukethe inani elincane lama-proanthocyanidins nama-ureshiolic acid, asenobuthi emzimbeni womuntu. Lapho i-ginkgo ishiya njengezinto zokusetshenziswa zokucubungula ukudla, kudingeka ukwelashwa okukhethekile ukuze kuncishiswe okuqukethwe kwama-proanthocyanidins nama-ureshiolic acid. Kodwa-ke, ngaphakathi kobubanzi bomthamo osetshenziswayo njengamanje, akukho ubuthi obuyingozi noma obuhlala isikhathi eside futhi akukho miphumela ye-teratogenic. UMnyango Wezempilo wavuma i-Ginkgo biloba extract njengesithako sokudla esisha ngo-1992. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, ama-flavonoid e-Ginkgo biloba asetshenziswe kabanzi embonini yokudla, futhi ucwaningo nentuthuko ye-Ginkgo biloba inamathuba abanzi.
Xhumana nathi
UGrace HU (Umphathi Wezokumaketha)grace@biowaycn.com
UCarl Cheng (i-CEO/uMphathi)ceo@biowaycn.com
Iwebhusayithi:www.biowaynutrition.com
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Septhemba 12-2024
