Kuyini i-Anthocyanin?

Uhlobo lwe-Anthocyanins
Ama-Anthocyanins angaphansi kwesigaba samakhemikhali aziwa ngokuthi ama-flavonoid, aluhlobo lwe-polyphenol. Angama-pigment ancibilika emanzini atholakala kuma-vacuoles amaseli ezitshalo. Umbala wama-anthocyanins uyahlukahluka kuye nge-pH yendawo, ngemibala ebomvu ebonakala ezimweni ze-acidic kanye nemibala eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezimweni ze-alkaline. Lesi sici esiyingqayizivele senza ama-anthocyanins abe yigugu njengezinkomba zemvelo ze-pH.
Ama-anthocyanins akhiwe ngesakhiwo esiyinhloko esibizwa ngokuthi i-anthocyanidin, esinamathele ku-molecule eyodwa noma ngaphezulu kashukela. Ama-anthocyanidin avame kakhulu afaka i-cyanidin, i-delphinidin, i-pelargonidin, i-peonidin, i-petunidin, kanye ne-malvidin. Lawa ma-anthocyanidin angatholakala ngokuhlanganiswa okuhlukahlukene kanye nezilinganiso emithonjeni ehlukene yezitshalo, okuholela ezinhlobonhlobo zemibala kanye nezakhiwo zamakhemikhali.

Imithombo yama-Anthocyanins
Ama-Anthocyanins asakazeke kabanzi emvelweni futhi angatholakala ezithelweni eziningi, imifino kanye nezimbali. Eminye yemithombo ecebile kakhulu yama-anthocyanins ifaka phakathi amajikijolo afana nama-blueberry, ama-blackberry, ama-raspberry, kanye nama-strawberry. Ezinye izithelo ezifana nama-cherry, amagilebhisi, nama-plum nazo ziqukethe inani elikhulu lama-anthocyanins. Ngaphezu kwezithelo, imifino efana neklabishi elibomvu, u-anyanisi obomvu, kanye nama-eggplant iyimithombo emihle yalezi mibala.
Umbala wezimbali, ikakhulukazi ngemibala ebomvu, onsomi, noluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, uvame ukubangelwa ukuba khona kwama-anthocyanins. Izibonelo zezimbali ezicebile ngama-anthocyanins zifaka phakathi ama-roses, ama-pansies, nama-petunias. Ukuhlukahluka kwemithombo yezitshalo equkethe ama-anthocyanins kunikeza amathuba amaningi okufaka la makhemikhali ekudleni kwabantu.

Izinzuzo Zezempilo Zama-Anthocyanins
Ama-Anthocyanins abe yisihloko socwaningo olunzulu ngenxa yezinzuzo zawo ezingaba khona kwezempilo. Lawa ma-compounds anezakhiwo ezinamandla ze-antioxidant, ezisiza ukuvikela amangqamuzana ekulimaleni kwe-oxidative okubangelwa ama-free radicals. Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kuye kwahlotshaniswa nezifo ezahlukahlukene ezingamahlalakhona, okuhlanganisa umdlavuza, izifo zenhliziyo, kanye nezinkinga ze-neurodegenerative. Ngokuqeda ama-free radicals, ama-anthocyanins anegalelo ekuvimbeleni lezi zifo.
Ngaphezu kwemiphumela yazo yokulwa nama-antioxidant, ama-anthocyanins aboniswe ukuthi anezakhiwo zokulwa nokuvuvukala. Ukuvuvukala okungapheli kuyisici esivamile esiyisisekelo ezifweni eziningi, futhi ikhono lama-anthocyanins lokunciphisa ukuvuvukala lingaba nomthelela omuhle empilweni iyonke. Ucwaningo luye lwaphakamisa nokuthi ama-anthocyanins angase asekele impilo yenhliziyo nobuchopho ngokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi nokunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-anthocyanins ahlotshaniswa nokusebenza kwengqondo okuthuthukisiwe kanye nempilo yobuchopho. Ucwaningo lukhombisile ukuthi lawa ma-compounds angasiza ekuvikeleni ekuwohlokeni kwengqondo okuhlobene nokuguga kanye nezifo ze-neurodegenerative ezifana ne-Alzheimer's kanye ne-Parkinson's. Imiphumela engaba khona yokuvikela i-neurological yama-anthocyanins iwenza abe yindawo ethakazelisayo yokufunda yokuvimbela nokuphatha izifo ze-neurological.

Ukusetshenziswa Okungenzeka Kwe-Anthocyanins
Izinzuzo zezempilo zama-anthocyanins ziholele ekufakweni kwawo emikhiqizweni eyahlukene yokudla neziphuzo. Izithako ezicebile nge-anthocyanin zisetshenziswa njengezinto zemvelo zokufaka imibala ekudleni, okunikeza okunye esikhundleni sodayi bokwenziwa. Lezi zinhlobo zemvelo zombala zisetshenziselwa ukuthuthukisa ukubukeka kwemikhiqizo efana namajusi, ama-yogurt, ama-ayisikhilimu, nezinto ze-confectionery. Isidingo sezithako zemvelo nezinelebula elihlanzekile siholele ekusetshenzisweni kwama-anthocyanins embonini yokudla.

Ngaphezu kokusetshenziswa kwazo njengezinto zokufaka imibala ekudleni, ama-anthocyanins ayahlolwa ukuze kusetshenziswe izindlela zawo zokwelapha ezingaba khona. Kufundwa izingcezu eziqukethe amazinga aphezulu ama-anthocyanins ngendima yazo ekuthuthukisweni kokudla okusebenzayo kanye nezithasiselo zokudla ezihlose ukukhuthaza impilo nokuphila kahle. Imboni yezemithi iphinde ihlole amandla ama-anthocyanins ekuthuthukisweni kwemithi emisha yezimo ezahlukene zezempilo.

Ngaphezu kwalokho, imboni yezimonyo ibonise isithakazelo kuma-anthocyanins ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo zokulwa nama-antioxidant kanye nokulwa nokuvuvukala. Lawa ma-compounds afakwa emikhiqizweni yokunakekelwa kwesikhumba ukuze ahlinzeke ngokuvikelwa ezinkingeni zemvelo nokukhuthaza impilo yesikhumba. Imvelaphi yemvelo kanye nemiphumela emihle yama-anthocyanins kuwenza abe izithako ezikhangayo zokwenziwa kwemikhiqizo yezimonyo.

Isiphetho
Ama-Anthocyanins ayimibala yemvelo etholakala emithonjeni ehlukahlukene yezitshalo, enikeza imibala egqamile kanye nezinzuzo eziningi zezempilo. Ama-antioxidant awo, alwa nokuvuvukala, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yokuvikela imizwa kuwenza abe ngamakhemikhali abalulekile okukhuthaza impilo yonke kanye nenhlalakahle. Njengoba ucwaningo luqhubeka nokuthola ukusetshenziswa okungaba khona kwama-anthocyanins, ukuba khona kwawo ekudleni, eziphuzweni, emithini, nasemikhiqizweni yezimonyo cishe kuzokhula, kunikeze abathengi ukufinyelela ezinzuzweni zala makhemikhali amangalisayo.

Izinkomba:
He, J., Giusti, MM (2010). Ama-Anthocyanins: Izinto Zokufaka Umbala Zemvelo Ezinezakhiwo Ezikhuthaza Impilo. Ukubuyekezwa Kwaminyaka Yonke Kwesayensi Nobuchwepheshe Bokudla, 1, 163-187.
Wallace, TC, Giusti, MM (2015). Ama-Anthocyanins. Intuthuko Ekudleni, 6(5), 620-622.
UPojer, E., Mattivi, F., Johnson, D., Stockley, CS (2013). Icala Lokusetshenziswa Kwe-Anthocyanin Ukukhuthaza Impilo Yabantu: Isibuyekezo. Ukubuyekezwa Okuphelele Kwesayensi Yokudla Nokuphepha Kokudla, 12(5), 483-508.