Ama-Anthocyanins nama-proanthocyanidins ayizinhlobo ezimbili zamakhemikhali ezitshalo athole ukunakwa ngezinzuzo zawo zezempilo kanye nezakhiwo zawo zokulwa nama-antioxidant. Nakuba afana, futhi anomehluko ohlukile ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali awo, imithombo, kanye nemiphumela engaba khona yezempilo. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwala makhemikhali amabili kunganikeza ukuqonda okubalulekile ngezindima zawo ezihlukile ekukhuthazeni impilo kanye nokuvimbela izifo.
Ama-Anthocyaninsyizinhlayiya ezincibilika emanzini eziyingxenye yeqembu lama-compound e-flavonoid. Zibangela imibala ebomvu, onsomi, neluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ezithelweni eziningi, imifino, nezimbali. Imithombo yokudla evamile yama-anthocyanins ifaka phakathi amajikijolo (njenge-blueberries, ama-strawberry, nama-raspberry), iklabishi elibomvu, amagilebhisi abomvu, nama-eggplant. Ama-Anthocyanins ayaziwa ngezakhiwo zawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant, ezisiza ukuvikela amaseli ekulimaleni okubangelwa ama-free radicals. Ucwaningo luye lwasikisela ukuthi ama-anthocyanins angaba nezinzuzo ezingaba khona kwezempilo, njengokunciphisa ingozi yesifo senhliziyo, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwengqondo, nokuvikela ezinhlotsheni ezithile zomdlavuza.
Ngokolunye uhlangothi,ama-proanthocyanidinsziyiqembu lama-flavonoid compounds aziwa nangokuthi ama-tannins ahlanganisiwe. Atholakala ekudleni okuhlukahlukene okusekelwe ezitshalweni, okuhlanganisa amagilebhisi, ama-apula, i-cocoa, kanye nezinhlobo ezithile zamantongomane. Ama-proanthocyanidins aziwa ngekhono lawo lokubopha amaprotheni, okuwanika izinzuzo ezingaba khona zempilo njengokusekela impilo yenhliziyo, ukukhuthaza impilo yesikhumba, kanye nokuvikela ekucindezelekeni kwe-oxidative. Ama-proanthocyanidins ayaziwa nangendima yawo ekukhuthazeni impilo yendlela yomchamo ngokuvimbela ukunamathela kwamagciwane athile olwelwesini lwendlela yomchamo.
Omunye wemehluko omkhulu phakathi kwama-anthocyanins nama-proanthocyanidins usekwakhekeni kwawo kwamakhemikhali. Ama-Anthocyanins angama-glycosides ama-anthocyanidins, okusho ukuthi aqukethe i-molecule ye-anthocyanidin enamathele ku-molecule kashukela. Ama-Anthocyanidins ayizinhlobo ze-aglycone zama-anthocyanins, okusho ukuthi ayingxenye engeyona ushukela ye-molecule. Ngokuphambene nalokho, ama-proanthocyanidins angama-polymers e-flavan-3-ols, akhiwe ngamayunithi e-catechin ne-epicatechin axhunywe ndawonye. Lo mehluko wesakhiwo unegalelo ekuhlukeni kwezakhiwo zawo zomzimba nezamakhemikhali, kanye nemisebenzi yawo yebhayoloji.
Omunye umehluko obalulekile phakathi kwama-anthocyanins nama-proanthocyanidins ukuzinza kwawo kanye nokutholakala kwawo. Ama-anthocyanins ayizinhlanganisela ezingazinzile ezingawohloka kalula yizici ezifana nokushisa, ukukhanya, kanye nokushintsha kwe-pH. Lokhu kungathinta ukutholakala kwawo kanye nezinzuzo ezingaba khona empilweni. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ama-proanthocyanidins azinzile futhi amelana nokuwohloka, okungase kube nomthelela ekutholakaleni kwawo okuphezulu kanye nomsebenzi wawo webhayoloji emzimbeni.
Ngokuphathelene nezinzuzo zezempilo, ama-anthocyanins nama-proanthocyanidins afundwe ngezindima zawo ezingaba khona ekuvimbeleni izifo ezingamahlalakhona kanye nokukhuthaza impilo iyonke. Ama-anthocyanins ahlotshaniswa nemiphumela yokulwa nokuvuvukala, ukulwa nomdlavuza, kanye nokuvikela izinzwa, kanye nezinzuzo zenhliziyo njengokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kwemithambo yegazi kanye nokunciphisa ingozi ye-atherosclerosis. Ama-proanthocyanidins ahlolwe ngezakhiwo zawo zokulwa ne-antioxidant, ukulwa nokuvuvukala, kanye nokulwa namagciwane, kanye nekhono lawo lokusekela impilo yenhliziyo, ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwesikhumba, nokuvikela ekuwohlokeni kwengqondo okuhlobene nobudala.
Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi imiphumela yezempilo yama-anthocyanins nama-proanthocyanidins isacwaningwa ngenkuthalo, futhi kudingeka izifundo ezengeziwe ukuze kuqondwe ngokugcwele izindlela zokusebenza kwawo kanye nezicelo zokwelapha ezingaba khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwe-metabolism kwala ma-compound emzimbeni womuntu kungahluka kuye ngezici ezifana nomehluko womuntu ngamunye, i-matrix yokudla, kanye nezindlela zokucubungula.
Ekuphetheni, ama-anthocyanins nama-proanthocyanidins ayizinhlobo ezimbili zama-compound ezitshalo anikeza izinzuzo ezahlukene zezempilo ngenxa yezakhiwo zawo ze-antioxidant kanye ne-bioactive. Ngenkathi abelana ngokufana okuthile ngokwemiphumela yawo ye-antioxidant kanye nezinzuzo zezempilo ezingaba khona, futhi anomehluko ohlukile ekwakhiweni kwawo kwamakhemikhali, emithonjeni, ekuzinzeni, kanye nasekutholakaleni kwawo. Ukuqonda izici ezihlukile zala ma-compound kungasisiza siqonde izindima zawo ezahlukahlukene ekukhuthazeni impilo kanye nokuvimbela izifo.
Izinkomba:
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UCassidy A, O'Reilly ÉJ, Kay C, nabanye. Ukudla njalo ama-flavonoid subclasses kanye nomfutho wegazi ophakeme kubantu abadala. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;93(2):338-47.
UManach C, uScalbert A, uMorand C, uRémésy C, uJiménez L. Ama-polyphenols: imithombo yokudla kanye nokutholakala kwezinto eziphilayo. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(5):727-47.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-15-2024
