Itiye elimnyama, elaziwa ngokunambitheka kwalo okucebile nokuqinile, liyisiphuzo esidumile esijatshulelwa yizigidi emhlabeni jikelele. Esinye sezici ezithakazelisayo zetiye elimnyama umbala walo obomvu ohlukile uma liphekwa. Lesi sihloko sihlose ukuhlola izizathu zesayensi ngemuva kombala obomvu wetiye elimnyama, sikhanyise ngezinqubo zamakhemikhali ezifaka isandla kulesi simo.
Umbala obomvu wetiye elimnyama ungabangelwa ukuba khona kwamakhemikhali athile aguqulwa ngamakhemikhali ngesikhathi senqubo yokwenza itiye. Amakhemikhali ayinhloko abangela umbala obomvu yi-thearubigins kanye ne-theaflavins, akhiwa ngokushiswa kwama-polyphenols etiye ngesikhathi senqubo yokubilisa noma yokushiswa edlula kuyo itiye elimnyama.
Ngesikhathi sokukhiqizwa kwetiye elimnyama, amaqabunga etiye abhekana nochungechunge lwezinqubo, okuhlanganisa ukubuna, ukugoqa, ukujiya, nokomisa. Kungesikhathi sesigaba sokujiya lapho ama-polyphenols etiye, ikakhulukazi ama-catechin, ejiya nge-enzyme, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-thearubigins kanyeama-theaflavinLezi zinhlanganisela zibangela umbala obomvu ocebile kanye nokunambitheka okuhlukile kwetiye elimnyama.
Ama-ThearubiginIkakhulukazi, ama-polyphenolic compounds amakhulu anombala obomvu onsundu. Akhiwa ngokwenziwa kwe-polymerization yama-catechins namanye ama-flavonoid akhona emaqabunga etiye. Ama-theaflavin, ngakolunye uhlangothi, angama-polyphenolic compounds amancane aphinde abe nomthelela embala obomvu wetiye elimnyama.
Umbala obomvu wetiye elimnyama uqiniswa kakhulu ukuba khona kwama-anthocyanins, okuyimibala encibilika emanzini etholakala kwezinye izinhlobo zetiye. Lezi mibala zinganikeza umbala obomvu etiyeni elibilisiwe, okunezela kuphrofayela yalo yombala iyonke.
Ngaphezu kokuguqulwa kwamakhemikhali okwenzeka ngesikhathi sokucubungula itiye, izici ezifana nokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo zetiye, izimo zokukhula, kanye namasu okucubungula nakho kungathinta umbala obomvu wetiye elimnyama. Isibonelo, izinga lokushiswa kwe-oxidation, isikhathi sokubilisa, kanye nokushisa lapho amaqabunga etiye acutshungulwa khona konke kungathinta umbala wokugcina wetiye eliphekiwe.
Ekuphetheni, umbala obomvu wetiye elimnyama uwumphumela wokuxhumana okuyinkimbinkimbi kwamakhemikhali nezinqubo ezihilelekile ekukhiqizweni kwalo. Ama-Thearubigins, ama-theaflavins, nama-anthocyanins yiwona anegalelo elibalulekile embala obomvu wetiye elimnyama, ngokwakheka kwawo kanye nokusebenzisana kwawo ngesikhathi sokucubungula itiye okwenza kube nombala ohlukile kanye nokunambitheka kwalesi siphuzo esithandwayo.
Izinkomba:
I-Gramza-Michałowska A. Ama-Infusions etiye: Umsebenzi wawo we-Antioxidant kanye nephrofayili ye-Phenolic. Ukudla. 2020;9(4): 507.
UJilani T, u-Iqbal M, uNadeem M, nabanye. Ukucubungula itiye elimnyama kanye nekhwalithi yetiye elimnyama. J Food Sci Technol. 2018;55(11): 4109-4118.
UJumtee K, uKomura H, uBamba T, uFukusaki E. Ukubikezela izinga letiye eliluhlaza laseJapan ngokwe-gas chromatography/mass spectrometry-based hydrophilic metabolite fingerprinting. J Biosci Bioeng. 2011;111(3): 255-260.
UKomes D, uHoržić D, uBelščak-Cvitanović A, nabanye. Ukwakheka kwe-phenolic kanye nezakhiwo ze-antioxidant zezitshalo zokwelapha ezisetshenziswa ngokwesiko ezithinteka isikhathi sokukhipha kanye ne-hydrolysis. Phytochem Anal. 2011;22(2): 172-180.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Meyi-09-2024
